Mother hunting for headlice, detail of a painting by Jan Siberechts
Specialty
infectious disease
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The treatment of human lice is the removal of head lice parasites from human hair. It has been debated and studied for centuries. However, the number of cases of human louse infestations (or pediculosis) has increased worldwide since the mid-1960s, reaching hundreds of millions annually.[1] There is no product or method that assures 100% destruction of the eggs and hatched lice after a single treatment. However, there are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed with varying degrees of success. These methods include chemical treatments, natural products, combs, shaving, hot air, and silicone-based lotions.
Treatment is recommended only after a clear diagnosis since all treatments have potential side effects.[2] Louse eggs hatch 6–9 days after oviposition. Therefore, a common recommendation is to repeat treatment with a pediculicide at least once after 10 days, when all lice have hatched.[3] Between the two treatments (Days 2–9) the person will still be infested with lice that hatch from eggs not killed by the anti-louse product. Between the treatments, it is advised to wet the hair and comb daily with a louse-comb to remove the hatching lice. If no living lice are found, the treatment was successful, even if nits (eggs) are visible on the hair. If living lice are still present, the treatment is repeated using an anti-louse product with a different active ingredient. This is kept in the hair for 2 hours and then rinsed out, with the head and hair cleaned before sleep. Prophylactic treatment with pediculicides is not recommended.[4]
^Gratz, Norman G. (1998), Human lice, their prevalence and resistance to insecticides(PDF), Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), retrieved 20 April 2020
^Frankowski, Barbara L; Bocchini, Joseph A.; Council on School Health and Committee on Infectious Diseases (August 2010). "Head Lice". Pediatrics. 126 (2): 392–403. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1308. PMID 20660553. S2CID 29226586.
^[needs update]Mumcuoglu, Kosta (1 May 2006). "Effective Treatment of Head Louse with Pediculicides". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 5 (5): 451–452. PMID 16703782.
^[needs update]Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.; Barker, CS; Burgess, IF; Combescot-Lang, C; Dagleish, RC; Larsen, KS; Miller, J; Roberts, RJ; Taylan-Ozkan, A. (2007). "International Guidelines for Effective Control of Head Louse Infestations". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 6 (4): 409–414. PMID 17668538.
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Head lice infestation, also known as pediculosis capitis, is the infection of the head hair and scalp by the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). Itching...
ectoparasite ofhumans. Head lice are wingless insects that spend their entire lives on the human scalp and feed exclusively on human blood. Humans are the...
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Light, J.E.; Reed, D.L. (2011). "Origin of clothing lice indicates early clothing use by anatomically modern humans in Africa". Molecular Biology and Evolution...
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infected lice. Clothes left unworn and unwashed for 7 days also result in the death of both lice and their eggs, as they have no access to a human host....
caused by body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) that lay their eggs on clothing and to a lesser extent on human hairs.: 447 Body lice can cause intense...
authorities to prevent the transmission of head lice infestation. The "no nit" policy requires the sending home and barring of all children who have nits (egg...
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