Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term for two similar and common subtypes of dementia:[1] dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).[2][3][4][5] Both are characterized by changes in thinking, movement, behavior, and mood.[1] The two conditions have similar features and may have similar causes, and are believed to belong on a spectrum of Lewy body disease[2] that includes Parkinson's disease.[5] As of 2014, they were more often misdiagnosed than any other common dementia.[6]
The exact cause is unknown, but involves widespread deposits of abnormal clumps of protein that form in neurons of the diseased brain. Known as Lewy bodies (discovered in 1912 by Frederic Lewy[7]) and Lewy neurites, these clumps affect both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.[8] The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) gives Lewy body disease as the causative subtype of dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease as the causative subtype of Parkinson's disease dementia.[9] Dementia with Lewy bodies is marked by the presence of Lewy bodies primarily in the cortical regions, and Parkinson's disease dementia with Lewy bodies primarily in the subcortical basal ganglia.[10]
^ abGomperts SN (April 2016). "Lewy Body Dementias: Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia". Continuum (Minneap Minn). 22 (2 Dementia): 435–63. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000309. PMC 5390937. PMID 27042903.
^Pezzoli S, Cagnin A, Bandmann O, Venneri A (July 2017). "Structural and Functional Neuroimaging of Visual Hallucinations in Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Literature Review". Brain Sci. 7 (12): 84. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070084. PMC 5532597. PMID 28714891.
^Galasko D (May 2017). "Lewy Body Disorders". Neurol Clin. 35 (2): 325–38. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2017.01.004. PMC 5912679. PMID 28410662.
^ abKon T, Tomiyama M, Wakabayashi K (February 2020). "Neuropathology of Lewy body disease: Clinicopathological crosstalk between typical and atypical cases". Neuropathology. 40 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1111/neup.12597. PMID 31498507. S2CID 201983865.
^Cite error: The named reference Taylor2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference NINDS2020Book was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lin YW, Truong D (April 2019). "Diffuse Lewy body disease". J. Neurol. Sci. (Review). 399: 144–50. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.02.021. PMID 30807982. S2CID 72335064.
^Cite error: The named reference DSM5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference DSM5A was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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