This article is about the psychological phenomenon. For other uses, see Sundowning (disambiguation).
Sundowning, or sundown syndrome,[1] is a neurological phenomenon associated with increased confusion and restlessness in people with delirium or some form of dementia. It is most commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease but also found in those with other forms of dementia. The term "sundowning" was coined by nurse Lois K. Evans in 1987 due to the timing of the person's increased confusion beginning in the late afternoon and early evening.[2][3] For people with sundown syndrome, a multitude of behavioral problems begin to occur and are associated with long term adverse outcomes.[4][5][6][7] Sundowning seems to occur more frequently during the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia and seems to subside with the progression of the person's dementia.[4][5] People are generally able to understand that this behavioral pattern is abnormal. Research shows that 20–45% of people with Alzheimer's will experience some variation of sundowning confusion.[4][8] However, despite lack of an official diagnosis of sundown syndrome in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), there is currently a wide range of reported prevalence.[2]
^Cite error: The named reference Khachiyants_2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abTodd WD (2020). "Potential Pathways for Circadian Dysfunction and Sundowning-Related Behavioral Aggression in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14: 910. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00910. PMC 7494756. PMID 33013301.
^Evans LK (February 1987). "Sundown syndrome in institutionalized elderly". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 35 (2): 101–108. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01337.x. PMID 3805551. S2CID 21234681.
^ abcSmith G (April 28, 2011). "Sundowning: Late-day confusion". mayoclinic.com. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
^ ab"Sleeplessness and Sundowning". Alzheimer's Association.
^de Jonghe A, Korevaar JC, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE (December 2010). "Effectiveness of melatonin treatment on circadian rhythm disturbances in dementia. Are there implications for delirium? A systematic review". International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 25 (12): 1201–1208. doi:10.1002/gps.2454. PMID 21086534. S2CID 39214881.
^Cite error: The named reference Canevelli_2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Il demente e la sindrome del tramonto" [The demented and the sunset syndrome]. anzianievita.it (in Italian). April 2, 2014.
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