Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
Rhyolitic lava dome of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008–2010 eruptionOne of the Inyo Craters, an example of a rhyolite domeNea Kameni seen from Thera, Santorini
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings.[1] Around 6% of eruptions on Earth form lava domes.[1] The geochemistry of lava domes can vary from basalt (e.g. Semeru, 1946) to rhyolite (e.g. Chaiten, 2010) although the majority are of intermediate composition (such as Santiaguito, dacite-andesite, present day)[2] The characteristic dome shape is attributed to high viscosity that prevents the lava from flowing very far. This high viscosity can be obtained in two ways: by high levels of silica in the magma, or by degassing of fluid magma. Since viscous basaltic and andesitic domes weather fast and easily break apart by further input of fluid lava, most of the preserved domes have high silica content and consist of rhyolite or dacite.
Existence of lava domes has been suggested for some domed structures on the Moon, Venus, and Mars,[1] e.g. the Martian surface in the western part of Arcadia Planitia and within Terra Sirenum.[3][4]
^ abcCalder, Eliza S.; Lavallée, Yan; Kendrick, Jackie E.; Bernstein, Marc (2015). The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Elsevier. pp. 343–362. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385938-9.00018-3. ISBN 9780123859389.
^Fink, Jonathan H.; Anderson, Steven W. (2001). "Lava Domes and Coulees". In Sigursson, Haraldur (ed.). Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press. pp. 307–19.
^Rampey, Michael L.; Milam, Keith A.; McSween, Harry Y.; Moersch, Jeffrey E.; Christensen, Philip R. (28 June 2007). "Identity and emplacement of domical structures in the western Arcadia Planitia, Mars". Journal of Geophysical Research. 112 (E6): E06011. Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.6011R. doi:10.1029/2006JE002750.
^Brož, Petr; Hauber, Ernst; Platz, Thomas; Balme, Matt (April 2015). "Evidence for Amazonian highly viscous lavas in the southern highlands on Mars". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 415: 200–212. Bibcode:2015E&PSL.415..200B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.033.
volcanology, a lavadome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions...
lava spines, lavadomes or "coulees" (which are thick, short lava flows). The lavas typically fragment as they extrude, producing block lava flows. These...
Group, composed of stratovolcanoes and lavadomes Niseko Volcanic Group, composed of stratovolcanoes and lavadomes Oshima-Ōshima Mount Rausu, stratovolcano...
Lavadomes are common features on volcanoes around the world. Lavadomes are known to exist on plate margins as well as in intra-arc hotspots, and on heights...
with a 10-metre-wide (33 ft) and 15-metre-high (50 ft) volcanic neck. A lavadome may crop out inside the caldera. Radial fissure vents are found around...
in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface...
occur in intermediate and felsic magmas. These eruptions form lava flows and lavadomes, each of which vary in shape, length, and width. Deep in the crust...
by 5 kilometres (2.5 mi × 3.1 mi) wide. The summit contains a partial lavadome and reaches some 725 metres (2,379 ft) in altitude. From its summit, Klabat's...
LASS-ən), commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is a 10,457 ft (3,187 m) lavadome volcano in Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California. Located...
dust, ash, and lava fragments are blown out the volcano's central crater, driven by the collapse of rhyolite, dacite, and andesite lavadomes that often creates...
edifice or lavadome during explosive eruptions. These clouds can generate devastating pyroclastic flows or surges.[citation needed] Lava flows from stratovolcanoes...
and Athinios. The Kameni islands at the center of the caldera are made of lava rocks. The caldera of Santorini lies in the center of the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo...
southernmost main island. In 1792, the collapse of one of its several lavadomes triggered a megatsunami that killed 14,524 people in Japan's worst volcanic-related...
highly viscous, possibly silica-rich lava, erupting from localized vents followed by relatively slow cooling. Lunar domes are wide, rounded, circular features...
The summit may be a lavadome or volcanic plug, while the lower flanks of the volcano are covered by lava flows and lavadomes. The volcano's eruptions...
of a new lavadome and the start of lava flows towards its slopes. On January 16, the province of Albay declared a state of calamity as lava flows reached...
Less common volcanic landforms include cinder cones, volcanic plugs, lavadomes and calderas. These diverse formations were created by different styles...
of magma per year, which causes frequent and large hot avalanches and lavadome formations at the summit. Volcanic ash emissions from this volcano often...
on the lavadome of the Soufrière Hills Volcano in Montserrat prior to the volcano's eruption in 1997. A spire of lava on top of the lavadome of Soufrière...
dome is a dome formed by swelling or rising of a caldera floor due to movement in the magma chamber beneath it. Unlike a lavadome, a resurgent dome is...
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