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Korean mixed script
Script type
Alternative
– uses both logographic (Hanja) and alphabetic (Hangul) characters
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Korean mixed script
Hangul
국한문혼용
Hanja
國漢文混用
Revised Romanization
Gukhanmun-honyong
McCune–Reischauer
Kukhanmun-honyong
National Sinic mixed script
Hangul
한자혼용
Hanja
漢字混用
Revised Romanization
Hanja-honyong
McCune–Reischauer
Hancha-honyong
Korean writing systems
Hangul
Chosŏn'gŭl (in North Korea)
New Korean Orthography
Hanja
Gukja (Yakja)
Gugyeol
Idu (Hyangchal)
Mixed script
Braille
Transcription
McCune–Reischauer
Romanization of Korean (North)
Revised Romanization (South)
Bok Moon Kim romanization [ko]
Kontsevich (Cyrillic)
Kholodovich system [ru] (Cyrillic)
Transliteration
Yale (scholar)
ISO/TR 11941
SKATS (coding)
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Korean mixed script (Korean: 국한문혼용; Hanja: 國漢文混用) is a form of writing the Korean language that uses a mixture of the Korean alphabet or hangul (한글) and hanja (漢字, 한자), the Korean name for Chinese characters. The distribution on how to write words usually follows that all native Korean words, including suffixes, particles, and honorific markers are generally written in hangul and never in hanja. Sino-Korean vocabulary or hanja-eo (한자어; 漢字語), either words borrowed from Chinese or created from Sino-Korean roots, were generally always written in hanja, although very rare or complex characters were often substituted with hangul. Although the Korean alphabet was introduced and taught to people beginning in 1446, most literature until the early twentieth century was written in literary Chinese known as hanmun (한문; 漢文).
Although examples of mixed-script writing are as old as hangul itself, the mixing of hangul and hanja together in sentences became the official writing system of the Korean language at the end of the nineteenth century, when reforms ended the primacy of literary Chinese in literature, science, and government. This style of writing, in competition with hangul-only writing, continued as the formal written version of Korean for most of the twentieth century. The script slowly gave way to hangul-only usage in North Korea by 1949,[1] while it continues in South Korea to a limited extent. However, with the decrease in hanja education, the number of hanja in use has slowly dwindled, and in the twenty-first century, very few hanja are used at all.[2] In Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China, local newspaper Northeast Korean People's Daily published the "workers and peasants version" which used all-hangul in text, in addition to the existing "cadre version" that had mixed script, for the convenience of grassroots Korean people[clarify]. Starting on April 20, 1952, the newspaper abolished the "cadre version" and published in hangul only. Soon, the entire publishing industry adopted the hangul-only style.[3]
^"한자페지". 조선말대사전 (in Korean). 우리 민족끼리.
^Song, J. (2015). "Language Policies in North and South Korea" in The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Brown, L. & Yuen, J. (eds.) (pp. 477–492). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
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