Global InformationSinosphere information
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chữ Nôm |
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| Hangul |
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| Hanja |
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| Hiragana |
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The Sinosphere,[1] also known as the Chinese cultural sphere,[2] East Asian cultural sphere,[3] or the Sinic world,[4] encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that historically were heavily influenced by Chinese culture, norms and traditions.[4][5] According to academic consensus, the Sinosphere comprises Greater China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.[6] Other definitions may include the regions of modern-day Mongolia[7][8][9] and Singapore, largely due to limited historical Chinese influences or increasing modern-day Chinese diaspora.[10] The Sinosphere is not to be confused with Sinophone, which indicates countries where a Chinese-speaking population is dominant.[11]
Imperial China was a major regional power in Eastern Asia and had exerted influence on tributary states and neighboring states, among which were Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.[a] These interactions brought ideological and cultural influences rooted in Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. During classical history, the four cultures shared a common imperial system under respective emperors. Chinese inventions influenced, and were in turn influenced by, innovations of the other cultures in governance, philosophy, science, and the arts.[14][15][16] Written Classical Chinese became the regional lingua franca for literary and scientific exchange,[17] and Chinese characters became locally adapted in Japan as kanji, Korea as hanja, and Vietnam as chữ Hán.[18][19]
In late classical history, the literary importance of classical Chinese diminished as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam each adopted their own literary device. Japan developed the Katakana and Hiragana scripts, Korea created Hangul, and Vietnam developed chữ Nôm (which is now rarely used; the modern Vietnamese alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet).[20][21] Classical literature written in Chinese characters nonetheless remains an important legacy of Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese cultures.[22] In the 21st century, ideological and cultural influences of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism remain visible in high culture and social doctrines.
- ^ Fogel 2009; Matisoff 1990.
- ^ Zhang, Linjun; Han, Zaizhu; Zhang, Yang (2022). "Reading Acquisition of Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language". Frontiers in Psychology. 12: 131. ISBN 978-2-8325-2952-2. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ Lowe & Yasuhara 2016; Choi 2010.
- ^ a b Reischauer, Edwin O. (1 January 1974). "The Sinic World in Perspective | Foreign Affairs". ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Fuchswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lowe & Yasuhara 2016; Wang 2015; Denecke & Nguyen 2017.
- ^ Billé, Franck; Urbansky, Sören (2018). Yellow Perils: China Narratives in the Contemporary World. University of Hawaii Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780824876012.
- ^ Christian, David (2018). A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Volume II: Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260–2000. John Wiley & Sons. p. 181. ISBN 9780631210382.
- ^ Grimshaw-Aagaard, Mark; Walther-Hansen, Mads; Knakkergaard, Martin (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Imagination: Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 423. ISBN 9780190460167.
- ^ Gold, Thomas B. (1993). "Go with Your Feelings: Hong Kong and Taiwan Popular Culture in Greater China". The China Quarterly. 136 (136): 907–925. doi:10.1017/S0305741000032380. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 655596. S2CID 154597583.
- ^ Hee, Wai-Siam (2019). Remapping the Sinophone: The Cultural Production of Chinese-Language Cinema in Singapore and Malaya before and during the Cold War (1 ed.). Hong Kong University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvx1hwmg. ISBN 978-988-8528-03-5. JSTOR j.ctvx1hwmg. S2CID 213443949.
- ^ Kang, David C. (2012). East Asia before the West : five centuries of trade and tribute (Paperback ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-15319-5. OCLC 794366373.
- ^ Howe, Christopher. The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia. p. 337
- ^ Nanxiu Qian; Richard J Smith; Bowei Zhang, eds. (2020). Rethinking the Sinosphere: Poetics, Aesthetics, and Identity Formation. Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1604979909.
- ^ Nanxiu Qian; Richard J Smith; Bowei Zhang, eds. (2020). Reexamining the Sinosphere: Cultural Transmissions and Transformations in East Asia. Cambria Press. ISBN 978-1604979879.
- ^ Jeffrey L. Richey (2013). Confucius in East Asia: Confucianism's History in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Association for Asian Studies. ISBN 978-0924304736.
- Ching-I Tu, ed. (2010). East Asian Confucianism: Interactions and Innovations. Rutgers University. ISBN 978-0615389325.
- Chun-chieh Huang, ed. (2015). East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts. National Taiwan University Press and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783847104087.
- ^ Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-yee; Tian, Xiaofei (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900 CE). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-935659-1.
- ^ Asher, R. E.; Moseley, Christopher (19 April 2018). Atlas of the World's Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-85108-0.
- ^ Lacoste, Véronique; Leimgruber, Jakob; Breyer, Thiemo (14 October 2014). Indexing Authenticity: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-034701-2.
- ^ Benjamin A Elman, ed. (2014). Rethinking East Asian Languages, Vernaculars, and Literacies, 1000–1919. Brill. ISBN 978-9004279278.
- ^ Pelly, Patricia (2018). "Vietnamese Historical Writing". The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 5: Historical Writing Since 1945. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0028. ISBN 978-0-19-922599-6.
- ^ Takacs, Sarolta (4 March 2015). The Modern World: Civilizations of Africa, Civilizations of Europe, Civilizations of the Americas, Civilizations of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45572-1.
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