The Koch reaction is an organic reaction for the synthesis of tertiary carboxylic acids from alcohols or alkenes. The reaction is a strongly acid-catalyzed carbonylation using carbon monoxide, and typically occurs at high pressures ranging from 50 to 5,000 kPa, often requiring temperatures several hundred degrees higher than room temperature. Generally the reaction is conducted with strong mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, HF or BF3.[1] Large scale operations for the fine chemical industry produce almost 150,000 tonnes of Koch acids and their derivatives annually[2] but also generate a great deal of waste, motivating ongoing attempts to use metal, solid acid, and other novel catalysts to enable the use of milder reaction conditions. Formic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon monoxide in the presence of acids or relatively low heat, is often used instead of carbon monoxide directly; this procedure was developed shortly after the Koch reaction and is more commonly referred to as the Koch–Haaf reaction. This variation allows for reactions at nearly standard room temperature and pressure. Some commonly industrially produced Koch acids include pivalic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid and 2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid.
^Koch, H.; Haaf, W. Ann.1958, "618", 251–266.(doi:10.1002/jlac.19586180127)
^Weissermel, K., Jargen-Arpe, H. In "Syntheses involving carbon monoxide", Industrial Organic Chemistry; VCH Publishers: New York, NY; pp. 141–145. (ISBN 978-3527320028)
The Kochreaction is an organic reaction for the synthesis of tertiary carboxylic acids from alcohols or alkenes. The reaction is a strongly acid-catalyzed...
Gattermann–Kochreaction, named after the German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch, is a variant of the Gattermann reaction in which carbon...
conversion of benzene to benzaldehyde in the Gattermann–Kochreaction). In biochemistry the reaction is catalysed by enzymes such as formyltransferases. Formylation...
Pd-diphosphines catalyze formation of polyketones. The Kochreaction is a special case of hydrocarboxylation reaction that does not rely on metal catalysts. Instead...
1897, he discovered, together with Ludwig Gattermann, the Gattermann-Kochreaction—a method of synthesis of benzaldehyde using carbon monoxide. He agreed...
and tertiary carbocations, e.g. isobutylene to pivalic acid. In the Kochreaction, the addition of water and carbon monoxide to alkenes or alkynes is...
H2SO4. Gattermann-Kochreaction: named after German chemists Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch, the Gattermann-Kochreaction is a catalyzed formylation...
She met David Koch on a blind date in January 1991, although they did not continue dating at the time. She later described her reaction: "I'm glad I met...
form carboxylic acids in a process known as the Koch–Haaf reaction. In the Gattermann–Kochreaction, arenes are converted to benzaldehyde derivatives...
including sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids, however, a variant of the Kochreaction occurs instead, and formic acid adds to the alkene to produce a larger...
reactions including the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, the Gattermann Kochreaction and the Reimer–Tiemann reaction. Other electrophiles are aromatic diazonium...
Gatterman-Kochreaction). A significant quantity of natural benzaldehyde is produced from cinnamaldehyde obtained from cassia oil by the retro-aldol reaction:...
aldehyde groups onto aromatic rings, for example via the Gattermann-Kochreaction which uses carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and a copper(I) chloride...
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (English: /kɒx/ KOKH, German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɔx] ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist...
methods are known, including the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. The Wittig reaction involves reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a Wittig reagent (or...
by hydrocarboxylation of isobutene via the Kochreaction: (CH3)2C=CH2 + CO + H2O → (CH3)3CCO2H Such reactions require an acid catalyst such as hydrogen...
propylene. It can also be prepared by the high pressure hydrocarboxylation (Kochreaction) from propylene: CH3CH=CH2 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H Isobutyric acid...
Charles G. (born 1935) and David H. Koch (1940–2019), sometimes referred to as the Koch brothers, have become famous for their financial and political...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative...
allowing the following synthesis of the coumarin system via a Gattermann-Kochreaction followed by a Perkin condensation using acetic anhydride. The synthesis...
ligand can inhibit the hydroformylation reaction due to its increased basicity. Kochreaction - related reaction of alkenes and CO to form carboxylic acids...
reaction with magnesium yielded amorphous powders which were more reactive and easier to handle than the substances. The improved Sandmeyer reaction using...
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