"Khalkha" redirects here. For the dialect, see Khalkha Mongolian.
Khalkha
Territory of the Khalkha Mongols during the early Northern Yuan period.
Regions with significant populations
Mongolia
2,659,985[1]
Languages
Halh Mongolian
Religion
Predominantly Buddhism, Mongolian Shamanism and minority Eastern Orthodox Church
Related ethnic groups
Other Mongol groups (Buryats, Khotgoid, Oirats)
The Khalkha or Kalka (Mongolian: Халх, romanized: Halh, Mongolian script:ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠpronounced[ˈχɑɮχ], Chinese: 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people[2] in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirats, who were ruled by Dzungar nobles or the Khorchins, who were ruled by Qasar's descendants.
The two original major Khalkha groups were ruled by the direct male line descendants of Dayan Khan. The Baarin, Khongirad, Jaruud, Bayaud and the O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. Seven northern Khalkha otogs: 1) Jalairs, Olkhonud; 2) Besut, Iljigin; 3) Gorlos, Keregut; 4) Khuree, Khoroo, Tsookhor; 5) Khukhuid, Khatagin; 6) Tanghut, Sartuul; 7) Uriankhai[3] became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's (Mongolian: Гэрсэне Жалайр Хан) subjects. Khotogoids are close in culture and language to the Khalkha Mongols.[4]
There were also numerous direct descendants of Genghis Khan who had formed the ruling class of the Khalkha Mongols prior to the 20th century, but they were and still also regarded as Khalkha Mongols rather than belonging to a special unit.
The Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North are the major subethnic group of the independent state of Mongolia. They number 1,610,400 (78.8%) of Mongolia's population (1989 figures).
The Khalkha or Halh dialect is the standard written language of Mongolia.[5]
^"2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/".
^Khalkha
^Очир А. (2016). Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов. Элиста: КИГИ РАН. pp. 188–192. ISBN 978-5-903833-93-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
^Очир А. (2016). Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов. Элиста: КИГИ РАН. p. 222. ISBN 978-5-903833-93-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
^C. P. Atwood Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Khalkha
language to the KhalkhaMongols. There were also numerous direct descendants of Genghis Khan who had formed the ruling class of the KhalkhaMongols prior to...
are referred to as Proto-Mongols. Broadly defined, the term includes the Mongols proper (also known as the KhalkhaMongols), Buryats, Oirats, the Kalmyks...
problems because of the close contacts between, for example, Buryat and KhalkhaMongols during history, thus creating or preserving a dialect continuum. Another...
of the KhalkhaMongols and the Khalkha river. There are certain differences between normative (standardised form of Khalkha) and spoken Khalkha. For example...
Khorchin Mongols allied with Nurhaci and the Jurchens in 1626, submitting to his rule for protection against the KhalkhaMongols and Chahar Mongols. 7 Khorchin...
the Tarim Basin, which is now southern Xinjiang, and defeated the KhalkhaMongols to the east. In 1696, Galdan was defeated by the Qing dynasty and lost...
residents of Mongolia and many of the ethnic Mongol residents of the Inner Mongolia of China. In Mongolia, Khalkha Mongolian is predominant, and is currently...
The Upper Mongols, also known as the Köke Nuur Mongols or Qinghai Mongols, are ethnic Mongol people of Oirat and Khalkha origin who settled around the...
Buddhism in Mongolia. The son of a Mongol Tüsheet Khan, Zanabazar was declared spiritual leader of KhalkhaMongols by a convocation of nobles in 1639...
Buddhism among the KhalkhaMongols and founded the Buddhist monastery of Erdene Zuu in 1585. Abtai was born in 1554 to the KhalkhaMongol prince Onokhui üizen...
Manchu-Mongol alliance (a series of systematic arranged marriages between princes and princesses of Manchu with those of KhalkhaMongols and Oirat Mongols,...
hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the KhalkhaMongols.[citation needed] Although recognized as the reincarnation of the Bogd...
of Khalkha also known as Altan Khan of Khotogoid ruled over the Khotogoids in northwestern Mongolia and belonged to the Left Wing of the Khalkha (Eastern)...
(Oirats) and Eastern Mongolia (Khalkha, Southern Mongols, Barga, Buryats). Western Mongolian Oirats and Eastern Mongolian Khalkhas vied for domination in Mongolia...
of the Mongols during the Northern Yuan dynasty. The eastern Mongol tribes near and in Manchuria, particularly the Khorchin and Southern Khalkha in today's...
Olots in Xinjiang province of China. Ölziit Olots absorbed into the KhalkhaMongols, and Erdenebüren Olots (3,000 people) retained their Oirat heritage...
subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. There are Khalkha-Kharchin Mongols in Dorno-Gobi...
Chinese: 俺答), was the leader of the Tümed Mongols and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols. He was the grandson of Dayan Khan...
Khoshut, Ur (Ör) Mongol, Barga Mongols and Buryats. The Barga and Buryats later became subject of Khalkha. The six Eastern Mongol tümens were granted...
lower status than the Khaan or Khagan used in earlier times. Among the KhalkhaMongols, there were four khans: Tushietu Khan, Zasagtu Khan, Secen Khan and...
around 2020. The Mongols are moderately homogeneous, Ethnic Mongols account for about 95% of the population and consist of Khalkha and other groups,...
The Chahars (Khalkha Mongolian: Цахар, Tsahar; simplified Chinese: 察哈尔部; traditional Chinese: 察哈爾部) are a subgroup of Mongols that speak Chakhar Mongolian...
his faith. They belong to the Mongol ethnicity. They reside along the Onon and Kerulen rivers, the land of the Mongols. That land is close to the country...
The Northern Mongols can refer to: Outer Mongols, or Mongols in Outer Mongolia; most of which are KhalkhaMongols now living in modern Mongolia. The subgroup...
Khorchin Mongols allied with Nurhaci and the Jurchens in 1626, submitting to his rule for protection against the KhalkhaMongols and Chahar Mongols. Seven...
Global Information
Mongolia