Global InformationTris information
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol | |
| Other names
TRIS, Tris, Tris base, Tris buffer, Trizma, Trisamine, THAM, Tromethamine, Trometamol, Tromethane, Trisaminol, Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.969 |
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| Properties | |
Chemical formula
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C4H11NO3 |
| Molar mass | 121.136 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Density | 1.328g/cm3 |
| Melting point | >175-176 °C (448-449 K) |
| Boiling point | 219 °C (426 °F; 492 K) |
Solubility in water
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~50 g/100 mL (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 8.07 (conjugate acid) |
| Pharmacology | |
ATC code
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B05BB03 (WHO) B05XX02 (WHO) |
| Hazards[1] | |
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Main hazards
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Irritant |
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Pictograms
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Signal word
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Warning |
Hazard statements
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H315, H319, H335 |
Precautionary statements
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P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 
2 |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
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Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions[2] such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It contains a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g., condensations with aldehydes. Tris also complexes with metal ions in solution.[3] In medicine, tromethamine is occasionally used as a drug, given in intensive care for its properties as a buffer for the treatment of severe metabolic acidosis in specific circumstances.[4][5] Some medications are formulated as the "tromethamine salt" including Hemabate (carboprost as trometamol salt), and "ketorolac trometamol".[6] In 2023 a strain of Pseudomonas hunanensis was found to be able to degrade TRIS buffer.[7]
- ^ "Tromethamine". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Gomori, G., Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies. Methods Enzymology., 1, 138-146 (1955).
- ^ FISCHER, Beda E.; HARING, Ulrich K.; TRIBOLET, Roger; SIGEL, Helmut (1979). "Metal Ion/Buffer Interactions. Stability of Binary and Ternary Complexes Containing 2-Amino-2(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris) and Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP)". European Journal of Biochemistry. 94 (2). Wiley: 523–530. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb12921.x. ISSN 0014-2956. PMID 428398.
- ^ Stanley, David; Tunnicliffe, William (June 2008). "Management of life-threatening asthma in adults". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 8 (3): 95–99. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkn012. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
- ^ Hoste, Eric A.; Colpaert, Kirsten; Vanholder, Raymond C.; Lameire, Norbert H.; De Waele, Jan J.; Blot, Stijn I.; Colardyn, Francis A. (May 2005). "Sodium bicarbonate versus THAM in ICU patients with mild metabolic acidosis". Journal of Nephrology. 18 (3): 303–307. ISSN 1121-8428. PMID 16013019.
- ^ BNF 73 March-September 2017. British Medical Association,, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. London. 21 March 2017. ISBN 978-0857112767. OCLC 988086079.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Holert, Johannes; Borker, Aron; Nübel, Laura Lucia; Daniel, Rolf; Poehlein, Anja; Philipp, Bodo (8 January 2024). "Bacteria use a catabolic patchwork pathway of apparently recent origin for degradation of the synthetic buffer compound TRIS". The ISME Journal. 18 (1): wrad023. doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrad023. ISSN 1751-7362.