12th century bible commentator, son-in-law of Rashi
Judah ben Nathan, also referred to by the Hebrew acronym RiVaN, was a gifted French rabbi and commentator on the Talmud in the eleventh to twelfth century, best known for being the son-in-law and pupil of the great commentator Rashi, and to a great extent his continuator.
It was Judah who completed Rashi's commentary on tractate Makkot of the Talmud (from 19b to the end),[1] and who wrote the commentary on Nazir which is erroneously attributed to Rashi. He is also known to have written independent commentaries on Eruvin, Shabbat, Yevamot,[2] and Pesahim.[3] Finally, Halberstam manuscript No. 323 contains a fragment of Judah's commentary on Nedarim.
He also contributed some of the first tosafot (additions) to Rashi's Talmud commentary, pulling out certain points in greater detail. It is generally considered that Judah b. Nathan wrote tosafot to several treatises of the Talmud, and he is mentioned as a tosafist in Haggahot Mordekhai (Sanhedrin, No. 696). He is often quoted in the edited tosafot.
Judah married Rashi's second daughter Miriam, and they had several children. Their son Yom Tov later moved to Paris and headed a yeshiva there, along with his brothers Shimson and Eliezer;[4] their daughter, Alvina, was a learned woman whose customs served as the basis for later halakhic decisions.
v
t
e
Rashi family tree
Isaac Hatzarfati
Samuel
Rashi
Meir
Jochebed
Rachel
Eliezer
Miriam
Judah ben Nathan
Samuel ben Meir
Rabbeinu Tam
Miriam
Samson ben Yosef
Rivam
Solomon ben Meir
Miriam
Samuel of Vitry
Yom Tov
Eliezer?
Isaac
Joseph
Solomon
Abraham of Sens
Judah ben Yom Tov
Joseph
Isaac ben Samuel
Isaac of Dampierre
Samson ben Abraham
Isaac
Rabbeinu Elhanan
Rabbi Jacob
Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
Samuel ben Elhanan
Samuel of Acre
Notes:
Rashi's daughters
^Makkot 19b: "Our master's body was pure, and his soul departed in purity, and he did not explain any more; from here on is the language of his student Rabbi Yehudah ben Nathan."
^Eliezer b. Joel ha-Levi, Abi ha-'Ezri, §§ 183, 385, 397, 408
^Semag, prohibition No. 79
^Gross, Henri (1897). Gallia Judaica - Dictionnaire Geographique de la France d'Apres les Sources Rabbiniques. Philo Press. pp. 509-512.
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