This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style.(May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Medical condition
Iron metabolism disorder
Structure of Heme b; "Fe" is the chemical symbol of iron, "II" indicates its oxidation state.
Specialty
Medical genetics
Iron metabolism disorders may involve a number of genes including HFE and TFR2.[1]
Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron metabolism and, therefore, most genetic forms of iron overload can be thought of as relative hepcidin deficiency in one way or another[1]. For instance, a severe form of iron overload, juvenile hemochromatosis, is a result of severe hepcidin deficiency. The majority of cases are caused by mutations in the hemojuvelin gene (HJV or RGMc/repulsive guidance molecule c). The exceptions, people who have mutations in the gene for ferroportin, prove the rule: these people have plenty of hepcidin, but their cells lack the proper response to it. So, in people with ferroportin proteins that transport iron out of cells without responding to hepcidin's signals to stop, they have a deficiency in the action of hepcidin, if not in hepcidin itself.
But the exact mechanisms of most of the various forms of adult hemochromatosis, which make up most of the genetic iron overload disorders, remain unsolved. So while researchers have been able to identify genetic mutations causing several adult variants of hemochromatosis, they now must turn their attention to the normal function of these mutated genes.
These genes represent multiple steps along the pathway of iron regulation, from the body's ability to sense iron, to the body's ability to regulate uptake and storage. Working out the functions of each gene in this pathway will be an important tool for finding new methods of treating genetic disorders, as well as for understanding the basic workings of the pathway.
So though many mysteries of iron metabolism remain, the discovery of hepcidin already allows a much better understanding of the nature of iron regulation, and makes researchers optimistic that many more breakthroughs in this field are soon to come.
^Roy CN, Andrews NC (October 2001). "Recent advances in disorders of iron metabolism: mutations, mechanisms and modifiers". Hum. Mol. Genet.10 (20): 2181–6. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.20.2181. PMID 11673399.
and 26 Related for: Iron metabolism disorder information
Ironmetabolismdisorders may involve a number of genes including HFE and TFR2. Hepcidin is the master regulator of ironmetabolism and, therefore, most...
Human ironmetabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level. Iron is both necessary...
particular. The homozygous H63D variant is an indicator of the ironmetabolismdisorder hemochromatosis, which may increase the risk of developing a fatty...
use disorder), steatohepatitis of any cause, porphyria cutanea tarda, prolonged hemodialysis, and post-portacaval shunting Defects in ironmetabolism, specifically...
genetic NBIA disorders involving various cell processes have been identified: ironmetabolism, coenzyme A biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, ceramide...
Metabolism (/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions...
prevent tissue damage to the liver and pancreas. Human ironmetabolismIron overload disorder "Aceruloplasminemia | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information...
causing iron deficiency have been studied in rodents, there are no known genetic disorders of human ironmetabolism that directly cause iron deficiency...
a genetic disorder characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron, resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores. Humans...
muscles. To maintain the necessary levels, human ironmetabolism requires a minimum of iron in the diet. Iron is also the metal at the active site of many...
where the majority of anaemia is not due to iron deficiency and the prevalence of genetic hemoglobin disorders is high. About 60% of pregnant Cambodian women...
Low levels (< 12 ng/mL) are specific for iron deficiency. However, inflammatory and neoplastic disorders can cause ferritin levels to increase – this...
required for normal growth, development, and metabolism. Overnutrition can lead to: Obesity, a disorder which occurs by eating more calories than one...
2009.27439. PMID 19386738. Conrad ME, Umbreit JN (Apr 2000). "Disorders of ironmetabolism". The New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (17): 1293–4. doi:10...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention...
copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in ironmetabolism. It was first described in 1948. Another protein, hephaestin, is noted...
occur due to other disorders, such as chronic alcoholism and malnutrition. In these conditions, excessive free fatty acid metabolism results in the production...
quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria. In support of energy metabolism, carnitine transports long-chain...
Chronic alcohol use Autoimmune disorders Genetic syndromes: Gilbert's syndrome – a genetic disorder of bilirubin metabolism that can result in mild jaundice...
hemoglobin in the process of bilirubin metabolism. Defects in various enzymes in synthesis of heme can lead to group of disorder called porphyrias, which include...
congenital metabolic disorder. Hereditary haemochromatosis is a congenital disorder which affects the regulation of ironmetabolism thus causing increased...
transduction and cell recognition. Sphingolipidoses, or disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, have particular impact on neural tissue. A sphingolipid...
of sleep disorders, including insomnia and various circadian rhythm sleep disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder, jet lag disorder, and shift...