Carrier and channel ionophores (a) Carrier ionophores reversibly bind ions and carry them through cell membranes. (b) Channel ionophores create channels within cell membranes to facilitate the transport of ions.
In chemistry, an ionophore (from Greek ion and -phore 'ion carrier') is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions.[1] Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Ionophores catalyze ion transport across hydrophobic membranes, such as liquid polymeric membranes (carrier-based ion selective electrodes) or lipid bilayers found in the living cells or synthetic vesicles (liposomes).[1] Structurally, an ionophore contains a hydrophilic center and a hydrophobic portion that interacts with the membrane.
Some ionophores are synthesized by microorganisms to import ions into their cells. Synthetic ion carriers have also been prepared. Ionophores selective for cations and anions have found many applications in analysis.[2] These compounds have also shown to have various biological effects and a synergistic effect when combined with the ion they bind.[3]
^ abBakker E1; Bühlmann P; Pretsch E. (1997). "Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 1. General Characteristics". Chem. Rev. 97 (8): 3083–3132. doi:10.1021/cr940394a. PMID 11851486.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Bühlmann P1; Pretsch E; Bakker E. (1998). "Carrier-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes. 2. Ionophores for Potentiometric and Optical Sensors". Chem. Rev. 98 (4): 1593–1688. doi:10.1021/cr970113+. PMID 11848943.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Ding, Wei-Qun; Lind, Stuart E. (November 2009). "Metal ionophores – An emerging class of anticancer drugs". IUBMB Life. 61 (11): 1013–1018. doi:10.1002/iub.253. PMID 19859983. S2CID 205969630.
In chemistry, an ionophore (from Greek ion and -phore 'ion carrier') is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions. Many ionophores are lipid-soluble...
+2). A23187 is also known as Calcimycin, Calcium Ionophore, Antibiotic A23187 and Calcium Ionophore A23187. It is produced at fermentation of Streptomyces...
progesterone or follicular fluid, as well as the more commonly used calcium ionophore A23187. This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing...
purposes any longer in the United States. Some drugs listed below are ionophores, which are coccidiostats and not classified as antibiotics in many countries;...
to fit the sodium ion (1.9 Å). Cryptands, like crown ethers and other ionophores, also have a high affinity for the sodium ion; derivatives of the alkalide...
acrodermatitis enteropathica, probably because it acts as a zinc ionophore. Ionophore Ghaskadbi S, Vaidya VG (March 1989). "In vivo antimutagenic effect...
binding site associated with a Cl− ionophore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl− ionophore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory...
biological activities and settings may occur when ionophores are combined with the ions they bind. As an ionophore, its molecule has an hydrophilic center and...
1007/BF02906489. ISSN 0105-1938. Reiss, Hans-Dieter; Herth, Werner (1979). "Calcium ionophore A 23187 affects localized wall secretion in the tip region of pollen tubes...
induce an artificial activation that mimics sperm entry, such as calcium ionophore treatment, microinjection of calcium ions, or electrical stimulation....
Salinomycin is an antibacterial and coccidiostat ionophore therapeutic drug. Salinomycin and its derivatives exhibit high antimicrobial activity against...
disrupts the cell membrane of sensitive bacteria by acting as a proton ionophore. Reutericyclin has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive...
Nonactin is a member of a family of naturally occurring cyclic ionophores known as the macrotetrolide antibiotics. The other members of this homologous...
fulvissimus being a notable one. It is a member of the group of natural neutral ionophores because it does not have a residual charge. It consists of enantiomers...
found it necessary to also use calcium ionophore treatment for fertilisation to be successful. Calcium ionophore treatment is used to artificially activate...
effectiveness of natural products as promising anti-HSV drugs. Pyrithione, a zinc ionophore, has shown antiviral activity against herpes simplex. In 1979, it was...
weight-loss Inner membrane Ionophores that disrupt the proton gradient by carrying protons across a membrane. This ionophore uncouples proton pumping from...
medicine, increased cTnI has been noted from myocardial damage after ionophore toxicity in cattle. The high sensitive troponin I test is a chemiluminescence...
excessive zinc in the cell. PBT2, a related 8-hydroxyquinoline Ionophore, other ionophores "Clioquinol topical medical facts from Drugs.com". drugs.com...
PBT2 is a safe-for-human-use Zinc ionophore and an experimental drug candidate. It is a second-generation 8-hydroxyquinoline analog intended to be a successor...
into the cell and replicate. Chloroquine also seems to act as a zinc ionophore that allows extracellular zinc to enter the cell and inhibit viral RNA-dependent...
ion exchange resin membrane electrodes, using valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, as the ion carrier in the membrane to provide the potassium specificity...
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