For a small forest, see Woodland. For wood as a commodity, see Timber. For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation) and Wooden (disambiguation).
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Wood samples
Pine
Spruce
Larch
Juniper
Aspen
Hornbeam
Birch
Alder
Beech
Oak
Elm
Cherry
Pear
Maple
Linden
Ash
Wood is a structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees,[1] or more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere, such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, woodchips, or fiber.
Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the production of purified cellulose and its derivatives, such as cellophane and cellulose acetate.
As of 2020, the growing stock of forests worldwide was about 557 billion cubic meters.[2] As an abundant, carbon-neutral[3] renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 2008, approximately 3.97 billion cubic meters of wood were harvested.[2] Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.[4]
Wood is scientifically studied and researched through the discipline of wood science, which was initiated since the beginning of the 20th century.
^Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge University Press.
^ abFAO. 2020. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report Archived November 5, 2022, at the Wayback Machine. Rome.
^"The EPA Declared That Burning Wood is Carbon Neutral. It's Actually a Lot More Complicated". Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
^Horst H. Nimz, Uwe Schmitt, Eckart Schwab, Otto Wittmann, Franz Wolf "Wood" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a28_305
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