This article is about gas phase ions. For ions in cells, see ion trapping.
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An ion trap, used for precision measurements of radium ions, inside a vacuum chamber. View ports surrounding the chamber allow laser light to be directed into the trap.
An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an external environment. Atomic and molecular ion traps have a number of applications in physics and chemistry such as precision mass spectrometry, improved atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing.[1] In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that do not depend on the internal electronic structure of a trapped ion. This makes ion traps more suitable for the study of light interactions with single atomic systems. The two most popular types of ion traps are the Penning trap, which forms a potential via a combination of static electric and magnetic fields, and the Paul trap which forms a potential via a combination of static and oscillating electric fields.[2]
Penning traps can be used for precise magnetic measurements in spectroscopy. Studies of quantum state manipulation most often use the Paul trap. This may lead to a trapped ion quantum computer[3] and has already been used to create the world's most accurate atomic clocks.[4][5] Electron guns (a device emitting high-speed electrons, used in CRTs) can use an ion trap to prevent degradation of the cathode by positive ions.
^H. Häffner; C. F. Roos; R. Blatt (2008). "Quantum computing with trapped ions". Physics Reports. 469 (4): 155–203. arXiv:0809.4368. Bibcode:2008PhR...469..155H. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.09.003. S2CID 15918021.
^D. Leibfried; R. Blatt; C. Monroe; D. Wineland (2003). "Quantum dynamics of single trapped ions". Reviews of Modern Physics. 75 (1): 281–324. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..281L. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.281.
^R. Blatt; D. J. Wineland (2008). "Entangled states of trapped atomic ions" (PDF). Nature. 453 (7198): 1008–1014. Bibcode:2008Natur.453.1008B. doi:10.1038/nature07125. PMID 18563151. S2CID 316118.
^T. Rosenband; D. B. Hume; P. O. Schmidt; C. W. Chou; A. Brusch; L. Lorini; W. H. Oskay; R. E. Drullinger; T. M. Fortier; J. E. Stalnaker; S. A. Diddams; W. C. Swann; N. R. Newbury; W. M. Itano; D. J. Wineland; J. C. Bergquist (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al+ and Hg+ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place" (PDF). Science. 319 (5871): 1808–1812. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.
^S. M. Brewer; J.-S. Chen; A. M. Hankin; E. R. Clements; C. W. Chou; D. J. Wineland; D. B. Hume; D. R. Leibrandt (2019). "Al+ Quantum-Logic Clock with a Systematic Uncertainty below 10^-18". Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (3): 033201. arXiv:1902.07694. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.123c3201B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.033201. PMID 31386450. S2CID 119075546.
An iontrap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an...
experimental physics, a quadrupole iontrap or paul trap is a type of iontrap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also...
The linear iontrap (LIT) is a type of iontrap mass spectrometer. In a LIT, ions are confined radially by a two-dimensional radio frequency (RF) field...
in a 3D quadrupole iontrap. Thermo Fisher's LTQ ("linear trap quadrupole") is an example of the linear iontrap. A toroidal iontrap can be visualized...
February 2008). "Enhanced Ion Utilization Efficiency Using an Electrodynamic Ion Funnel Trap as an Injection Mechanism for Ion Mobility Spectrometry". Analytical...
In cell biology, iontrapping is the build-up of a higher concentration of a chemical across a cell membrane due to the pKa value of the chemical and difference...
Orbitrap is an iontrap mass analyzer consisting of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that trapsions in an orbital...
IonQ is a quantum computing hardware and software company based in College Park, Maryland. They are developing a general-purpose trappedion quantum computer...
an iontrap instrument, ions are trapped in a quadrupole iontrap and then injected into the TOF. The trap can be 3-D or a linear trap. A linear ion trap...
the trap, which trapsions along the axial direction. The electric field causes ions to oscillate (harmonically in the case of an ideal Penning trap) along...
accomplished with ionstrapped in the same place, with multiple separation steps taking place over time. A quadrupole iontrap or Fourier transform ion cyclotron...
platforms, including systems of ultracold quantum gases, polar molecules, trappedions, photonic systems, quantum dots, and superconducting circuits. Many important...
levels. The digital iontrap has been mainly developed as a mass analyzer. A digital iontrap (DIT) is an iontrap having a trapping waveform generated...
than iontrap type such as Paul trap, Penning trap or Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR). Additionally, iontrap mass...
SCIEX in 1995, is a linear iontrap consisting of a quadrupole mass filter that can act as either a mass filter or a trap/scan mass spectrometer. In 2002...
stringent test of QED. The hyperfine states of a trappedion are commonly used for storing qubits in ion-trap quantum computing. They have the advantage of...
Electron beam iontrap (EBIT) is an electromagnetic bottle that produces and confines highly charged ions. An EBIT uses an electron beam focused with...
computing. He directs one of the leading research and development efforts in iontrap quantum computing. Monroe is the Gilhuly Family Presidential Distinguished...
A Coulomb crystal (also Ion Coulomb crystal) is a collection of trappedions confined in a crystal-like structure at low temperature. The structures represent...
arrival at the trap. It is a direct measure of the number of electrons in the chamber that are available for ionization. The sample ion current (I+) is...
which accelerates the ions into a solid electrode. Small bits of the electrode are sputtered into the chamber. Gasses are trapped by a combination of chemical...
laser-cooled ions. Linear ion crystals constitute the qubit basis for most quantum computing and simulation experiments with trappedions. Dan Simon, at...
In medium current ion implanters there is also a neutral iontrap before the process chamber to remove neutral ions from the ion beam. Some dopants such...
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