A Coulomb crystal (also Ion Coulomb crystal) is a collection of trapped ions confined in a crystal-like structure at low temperature. The structures represent an equilibrium between the repulsive Coulomb interaction between ions and the electric and magnetic fields used to confine the ions. Depending on the confinement techniques and parameters, as well as the number of ions in the trap, these can be 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional, with typical spacing between ions of ~10μm, which is significantly larger than typical solid-state crystal structures.[1] Outside of ion traps, Coulomb crystals also occur naturally in celestial objects such as neutron stars.[2]
^Thompson, Richard C. (2015-01-02). "Ion Coulomb crystals". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 63–79. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.989715. hdl:10044/1/21491. ISSN 0010-7514. S2CID 118839705.
^Baiko, D A (2014-03-25). "Coulomb crystals in neutron star crust". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 496: 012010. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/496/1/012010. ISSN 1742-6596.
A Coulombcrystal (also Ion Coulombcrystal) is a collection of trapped ions confined in a crystal-like structure at low temperature. The structures represent...
similar to Coulomb explosion, except that any fine structure in the material will be damaged by thermal melting. It may be shown that the Coulomb explosion...
equidistant points along a line, i.e. a 1D Wigner crystal. As the electron density increases, the Coulomb repulsion becomes large enough to overcome the...
electron state with a positive charge, an analogue in crystal of a positron. Because of the attractive coulomb force between the electron and the hole, a bound...
In solid-state physics, crystal momentum or quasimomentum is a momentum-like vector associated with electrons in a crystal lattice. It is defined by the...
2010 suggests that the lights are formed by a cluster of macroscopic Coulombcrystals in a plasma produced by the ionization of air and dust by alpha particles...
system's overall polarity. The SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic...
holds protons and neutrons tightly together in the atomic nucleus; and the Coulomb force, which causes positively charged protons in the nucleus to repel...
the quotient of electric dipole moment (a vector quantity, expressed as coulombs*meters (C*m) in SI units) to volume (meters cubed). Polarization density...
can be modeled by Coulomb's Law. Ionic bond strengths are typically (cited ranges vary) between 170 and 1500 kJ/mol. Ions in crystal lattices of purely...
to the dynamic fields, even for extended 2- and 3-dimensional ion Coulombcrystals. Also, the Penning trap can be made larger whilst maintaining strong...
that comprise the solid, which must attract or repel one another via Coulomb's Law. More subtly, the relative and absolute sizes of the ions influence...
including water, air, fuel and hardware for the Russian Molniya-Gamma and CoulombCrystal experiments to the station. The Soyuz-U carrier rocket with Progress...
electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, Coulomb's law determines the force acting on an electric charge. Electric potential...
{\displaystyle \Phi (\mathbf {r} )} but also move in response to the associated Coulomb force, − q j ∇ Φ ( r ) {\displaystyle -q_{j}\,\nabla \Phi (\mathbf {r}...
dominates. Since the neutron is not charged it does not interact via the Coulomb force and therefore does not ionize the scintillation material. It must...
exchange interaction arises from the combination of exchange symmetry and the Coulomb interaction. For an electron in an electron gas, the exchange symmetry...
required to move an electric charge of one coulomb through an electrical potential difference of one volt, or one coulomb-volt (C⋅V). This relationship can be...
Phase space crystal is the state of a physical system that displays discrete symmetry in phase space instead of real space. For a single-particle system...
extremely complicated: Each electron and proton is pushed and pulled (by Coulomb's law) by all the other electrons and protons in the solid (which may themselves...
elementary charge is exactly defined as e {\displaystyle e} = 1.602176634×10−19 coulombs, or 160.2176634 zeptocoulombs (zC). Since the 2019 redefinition of SI base...
according to the capacitance equation (C = Q⁄V), where Q = charge in coulombs, C = capacitance in farads and V = potential difference in volts. A nearly...
ampere (sometimes called an "amp", symbol A), which is equivalent to one coulomb per second. The ampere is an SI base unit and electric current is a base...
chloride crystal lattice: The vacancies that make up the Schottky defects have opposite charge, thus they experience a mutually attractive Coulomb force...
finite basis set. There are numerous options available e.g. B-splines or Coulomb wave packets. Another non-perturbative method is to solve the corresponding...
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