Global InformationInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus information
| Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus | |
|---|---|
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| Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) icosahedral structure and hexagonal profile; locations of proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 are shown by arrows | |
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | incertae sedis |
| Family: | Birnaviridae |
| Genus: | Aquabirnavirus |
| Species: | Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the family Birnaviridae, in the genus Aquabirnavirus.[1] Causing the highly infectious disease Infectious pancreatic necrosis, the virus primarily affects young salmonids resulting in high mortality, occasionally surpassing 90 percent in the early stages.[2] IPNV or IPNV-like viruses have been isolated worldwide from at least 32 families of saltwater and freshwater salmonids and non-salmonids fish including salmon, flatfish, pike, eels and others.[3][4] Other aquatic organisms infected include 11 molluscs and 4 species of crustaceans.[4][5][6][7] Due to its wide host range and high mortality, the virus is of great concern to global aquaculture.[8][4] In addition to persistence in hosts, IPNV is also perpetual in the environment, surviving across a range of conditions and capable of infecting fish with as little as 101 TCID50/ml of the virus.[9][10][11] Found in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia, the virus has led to significant losses in the mariculture of Atlantic salmon, brook trout, and rainbow trout.[11]
First described in 1940 in farmed trout, IPNV outbreaks occur primarily in fry as the most susceptible stage, first in freshwater and then again after a transfer to seawater as post-smolts.[12][13] Survivors as asymptomatic carriers pose a significant threat to continued outbreaks through both horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus by way of excreted matter.[9] The virus is classified into serogroups A and B, with group A containing nine serotypes and B one serotype.[4] With a virion 65-70 nm in diameter and icosahedral structure, the genome of the virus is split into two segments of double-stranded RNA, encoding 5 proteins.[11][1] An infection of the host is often identified based on visual inspection, with various key external and internal characteristics.[14][1] A commonly used molecular biological method of diagnosis is RT-PCR assays.[11] Attempts at controlling IPNV have included the reduction of horizontal and vertical transmission, vaccinations, and selective breeding.[15][11]
- ^ a b c Evensen Ø, Santi N (January 2008). Mahy BW, Van Regenmortel MH (eds.). Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus. Oxford: Academic Press. pp. 83–89. ISBN 978-0-12-374410-4.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Ulloa-Stanojlovic FM, Caballero-Celli R, Smith C, Gómez-Sánchez-Orezzoli MM (2022-08-31). "Distribution and epidemiology of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Peru". Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. 50 (4): 553–561. doi:10.3856/vol50-issue4-fulltext-2886. ISSN 0718-560X. S2CID 252020078.
- ^ Wallace IS, McKay P, Murray AG (December 2017). "A historical review of the key bacterial and viral pathogens of Scottish wild fish". Journal of Fish Diseases. 40 (12): 1741–1756. doi:10.1111/jfd.12654. PMID 28718925.
- ^ a b c d Hill BJ, Way K (January 1995). "Serological classification of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus and other aquatic birnaviruses". Annual Review of Fish Diseases. 5: 55–77. doi:10.1016/0959-8030(95)00011-9. ISSN 0959-8030.
- ^ Rud YP, Maistrenko MI, Zaloilo OV, Liubchenko GA, Buchatskiy LP, Hrytsyniak II (2020-12-25). "Experimental infection of brown trout (Salmo trutta), zebrafi sh (Danio rerio), and swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea) with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPVN)". Agricultural Science and Practice. 7 (3): 31–40. doi:10.15407/agrisp7.03.031. ISSN 2312-3389. S2CID 234443397.
- ^ Reno PW (1999). "Infectious pancreatic necrosis and associated aquatic birnaviruses". In Woo PT, Bruno DW (eds.). Fish diseases and disorders. Vol. 3. Wallingford (United Kingdom): CAB International. pp. 1–65. doi:10.1079/9781845935542.0001. ISBN 0-85199-194-7.
- ^ McAllister PE (1983). Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) of salmonid fishes (Report). p. 12.
- ^ Crane M, Hyatt A (November 2011). "Viruses of fish: an overview of significant pathogens". Viruses. 3 (11): 2025–2046. doi:10.3390/v3112025. PMC 3230840. PMID 22163333.
- ^ a b Dopazo CP (February 2020). "The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and its Virulence Determinants: What is Known and What Should be Known". Pathogens. 9 (2): 94. doi:10.3390/pathogens9020094. PMC 7168660. PMID 32033004.
- ^ Julin K, Mennen S, Sommer AI (February 2013). "Study of virulence in field isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus obtained from the northern part of Norway". Journal of Fish Diseases. 36 (2): 89–102. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01423.x. PMID 22966863.
- ^ a b c d e Nazarenko M, Rud Y (March 2022). "Diagnosis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV): Review". Ribogospodarsʹka Nauka Ukraïni. 59 (1): 87–108. doi:10.15407/fsu2022.01.087. ISSN 2075-1508. S2CID 250541705.
- ^ Motohiko S, Nobuaki O (2017). "伝染性膵臓壊死症" [Infectious pancreatic necrolysis]. 魚病研究 [Fish Disease Research] (in Japanese). 52 (4): 177–180. doi:10.3147/jsfp.52.177. S2CID 91066821.
- ^ Roberts RJ, Pearson MD (July 2005). "Infectious pancreatic necrosis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L". Journal of Fish Diseases. 28 (7): 383–390. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00642.x. PMID 16083443.
- ^ Aedo J, Aravena-Canales D, Dettleff P, Fuentes-Valenzuela M, Zuloaga R, Rivas-Aravena A, et al. (2022-04-15). "RNA-seq analysis reveals the dynamic regulation of proteasomal and autophagic degradation systems of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal muscle challenged with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)". Aquaculture. 552: 738000. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738000. ISSN 0044-8486. S2CID 246574111.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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