Indian subcontinent information

Indian subcontinent
	Hindu Kush Iranian Plateau Makran Indus ; Valley Thar Desert Arabian Sea Karakoram Tibetan Plateau Himalaya Deccan Brahmaputra Ganges Indo-Burma; Range Bay of Bengal Topographic map of the subcontinent and surrounding regions
	Geopolitical coverage of the subcontinent
Area	4,440,000 km2 (1,710,000 sq mi)
Population	c. 1.9 billion
Demonym	South Asian; Desi (colloquial)
Countries	7 Bangladesh ; Bhutan ; India ; Maldives ; Nepal ; Pakistan ; Sri Lanka ;
Dependencies	External (1) British Indian Ocean Territory (United Kingdom) ; Disputed (1) Kashmir ;
Languages	Official languages: Bengali ; Dzongkha ; English ; Hindi ; Maldivian ; Nepali ; Sinhala ; Tamil ; Urdu ;
Time zones	List: Bangladesh Standard Time (BST) ; Bhutan Time (BTT) ; Indian Standard Time (IST) ; Maldives Time (MVT) ; Nepal Standard Time (NPT) ; Pakistan Standard Time (PST) ; Sri Lanka Standard Time (SLST) ;
Largest cities	10 largest cities on the Indian subcontinent Delhi ; Mumbai ; Dhaka ; Karachi ; Kolkata ; Chennai ; Lahore ; Bangalore ; Hyderabad ; Ahmedabad ;

The Indian subcontinent^{[note 7]} is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it spans major landmasses from the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,^{[note 1]} the Maldives,^{[note 2]} Nepal,^{[note 3]} Pakistan,^{[note 4]} and Sri Lanka.^{[note 2]}^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The neighboring geographical regions around the subcontinent include the Tibetan Plateau to the north, the Indochinese Peninsula to the east, the Iranian Plateau to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south. Although the terms "Indian subcontinent" and "South Asia" are often used interchangeably to denote the region,^[5] the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanistan, which is not part of the subcontinent.^[6]

Geologically, the subcontinent originates from Insular India, an isolated landmass that rifted from the supercontinent of Gondwana during the Cretaceous and merged with the Iranian Plateau and Eurasian Plate nearly 55 million years ago, forming the Himalayas.^[7] Historically, as well as to the present day, it is and has been the most populated region in the world, holding roughly 20–25 percent of the global population at all times in history. Geographically, it is the peninsular region in Southern Asia located below the Third Pole, delineated by the Himalayas in the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Indo-Burman Ranges in the east.^[8]

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

^ "Indian subcontinent". New Oxford Dictionary of English (ISBN 0-19-860441-6) New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "the part of Asia south of the Himalayas which forms a peninsula extending into the Indian Ocean, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Historically forming the whole territory of Greater India, the region is now divided into three countries named Bangladesh, India and Pakistan."
^ Cite error: The named reference dkumar889 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference pirbhai14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference mmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference McLeod p1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, The Third World: states of mind and being, pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, ISBN 0-04-910121-8 Quote: ""The term "South Asia" also signifies the Indian Subcontinent""
Raj S. Bhopal, Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies, pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-19-856817-7; Quote: "The term South Asian refers to populations originating from the Indian subcontinent, effectively India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka;
Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics, pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-674-04979-9 Quote: "The complex culture of the Indian subcontinent, or South Asia, presents a tradition comparable to Confucianism."
Mark Juergensmeyer, The Oxford handbook of global religions, pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, ISBN 0-19-513798-1
Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia, page 3, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-30787-2
^ Robert Wynn Jones (2011). Applications of Palaeontology: Techniques and Case Studies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–271. ISBN 978-1-139-49920-0.
^ Cite error: The named reference Chapman, Graham P. p. 10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Oxford-8] "Indian subcontinent". New Oxford Dictionary of English (ISBN 0-19-860441-6) New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "the part of Asia south of the Himalayas which forms a peninsula extending into the Indian Ocean, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Historically forming the whole territory of Greater India, the region is now divided into three countries named Bangladesh, India and Pakistan."

[dkumar889-9] Cite error: The named reference dkumar889 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[pirbhai14-10] Cite error: The named reference pirbhai14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[mmann-11] Cite error: The named reference mmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[McLeod_p1-12] Cite error: The named reference McLeod p1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[norwineplus-13] Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, The Third World: states of mind and being, pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, ISBN 0-04-910121-8 Quote: ""The term "South Asia" also signifies the Indian Subcontinent""
Raj S. Bhopal, Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies, pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-19-856817-7; Quote: "The term South Asian refers to populations originating from the Indian subcontinent, effectively India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka;
Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics, pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-674-04979-9 Quote: "The complex culture of the Indian subcontinent, or South Asia, presents a tradition comparable to Confucianism."
Mark Juergensmeyer, The Oxford handbook of global religions, pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, ISBN 0-19-513798-1
Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia, page 3, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-30787-2

[Jones2011p267-14] Robert Wynn Jones (2011). Applications of Palaeontology: Techniques and Case Studies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–271. ISBN 978-1-139-49920-0.

[Chapman,_Graham_P._p._10-15] Cite error: The named reference Chapman, Graham P. p. 10 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Indian subcontinent information

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Hindu Kush Iranian Plateau Makran Indus Valley Thar Desert Arabian Sea Karakoram Tibetan Plateau Himalaya Deccan Brahmaputra Ganges Indo-Burma Range Bay of Bengal Topographic map of the subcontinent and surrounding regions
Geopolitical coverage of the subcontinent
Area	4,440,000 km² (1,710,000 sq mi)
Population	c. 1.9 billion
Demonym	South Asian Desi (colloquial)
Countries	7 Bangladesh Bhutan India^{[note 1]} Maldives^{[note 2]} Nepal^{[note 3]} Pakistan^{[note 4]} Sri Lanka^{[note 2]}
Dependencies	External (1) British Indian Ocean Territory^{[note 5]} (United Kingdom) Disputed (1) Kashmir^{[note 6]}
Languages	Official languages: Bengali Dzongkha English Hindi Maldivian Nepali Sinhala Tamil Urdu
Time zones	List: Bangladesh Standard Time (BST) Bhutan Time (BTT) Indian Standard Time (IST) Maldives Time (MVT) Nepal Standard Time (NPT) Pakistan Standard Time (PST) Sri Lanka Standard Time (SLST)
Largest cities	10 largest cities on the Indian subcontinent Delhi Mumbai Dhaka Karachi Kolkata Chennai Lahore Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad