Hypothesized climate effects due to an asteroid or comet impact on Earth
For the episode of The West Wing, see Impact Winter (The West Wing).
Artistic impression of an asteroid slamming into tropical, shallow seas of the sulfur-rich Yucatán Peninsula in what is today Southeast Mexico. The aftermath of this immense asteroid collision, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago, is believed to have caused the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and many other species on Earth. The impact spewed hundreds of billions of tons of sulfur into the atmosphere, producing a worldwide blackout and freezing temperatures which persisted for at least a decade.[1]
An impact winter is a hypothesized period of prolonged cold weather due to the impact of a large asteroid or comet on the Earth's surface. If an asteroid were to strike land or a shallow body of water, it would eject an enormous amount of dust, ash, and other material into the atmosphere, blocking the radiation from the Sun. This would cause the global temperature to decrease drastically.[quantify][2][3] If an asteroid or comet with the diameter of about 5 km (3.1 mi) or more were to hit in a large deep body of water or explode before hitting the surface, there would still be an enormous amount of debris ejected into the atmosphere.[2][3][4] It has been proposed that an impact winter could lead to mass extinction, wiping out many of the world's existing species. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event probably involved an impact winter, and led to mass extinction of most tetrapods weighing more than 25 kilograms (55 pounds).[5]
^Osterloff, Emily (2018). "How an asteroid ended the age of the dinosaurs". London: Natural History Museum. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
^ abCHAPMAN, CR; MORRISON, D. (1994), "Impacts on the Earth by Asteroids and Comets - Assessing the Hazard" (PDF), Nature, 367 (6458): 33–40, Bibcode:1994Natur.367...33C, doi:10.1038/367033a0, S2CID 4305299
^ abMACCRACKEN, MC; Covey, C.; Thompson, S.L.; Weissman, P.R. (1994), "Global Climatic Effects of Atmospheric Dust from An Asteroid or Comet Impact on Earth", Global and Planetary Change, 9 (3–4): 263–273, Bibcode:1994GPC.....9..263C, doi:10.1016/0921-8181(94)90020-5
^Lewis, John S. (1997), Rain Of Iron And Ice: The Very Real Threat Of Comet And Asteroid Bombardment, Helix Books, ISBN 978-0-201-48950-7
^Muench, David; Muench, Marc; Gilders, Michelle A. (2000). Primal Forces. Portland, Oregon: Graphic Arts Center Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-55868-522-2.
An impactwinter is a hypothesized period of prolonged cold weather due to the impact of a large asteroid or comet on the Earth's surface. If an asteroid...
proposed that this event triggered extensive biomass burning, a brief impactwinter that destabilized the Atlantic Conveyor and triggered the Younger Dryas...
its impact location, massive tsunamis or multiple firestorms, and an impactwinter caused by the sunlight-blocking effect of large quantities of pulverized...
strengthens the hemispheric climate impact by confining the aerosol to a single hemisphere. Injections in the winter are also much less radiatively efficient...
of the tournament would take place on the December 23 edition of Impact!. * Winter replaced Velvet Sky, who had been attacked backstage by Sarita. The...
have limited impact on increasing available calories. As nuclear devices need not be detonated to ignite a firestorm, the term "nuclear winter" is something...
by its carbon dioxide emissions may have dampened the impactwinter from the Chicxulub impact. Non-avian dinosaur remains have occasionally been found...
of the Palaeogene began with the brief but intense "impactwinter" caused by the Chicxulub impact. This cold period was terminated by an abrupt warming...
episode of The West Wing titled "ImpactWinter". He was a mainstay of the Theatre Intime, making a particular impact with his performance in Orson Welles'...
December 2022. "Teyvat Chapter Interlude Teaser: A Winter Night's Lazzo | Genshin Impact". Genshin Impact YouTube Channel. Archived from the original on 8...
accounts of the volcanic winter are from authors in Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, although the impact of the cooler temperatures...
plant life and reduced global temperature (this cooling is called an impactwinter). Work published in 2014 by geologist Gerta Keller and others on the...
27 of Impact!, Winter brawled with Velvet Sky, who claimed she was trying to break up The Beautiful People. On the edition of March 3 of Impact!, Cookie...
an impactwinter.[citation needed] Assuming Apophis is a 370-metre-wide (1,210 ft) stony asteroid with a density of 3,000 kg/m3, if it were to impact into...
opportunities facing future Olympic Winter Games, such as the impact of climate change. A number of proposals which could have an impact on future elections were...
geological record. For example, a comet or asteroid impact event sufficient in scale to cause an impactwinter that would cause human extinction before the year...
and actress. She is best known for her time with Impact Wrestling under the ring names Katarina or Winter and for her time in WWE under the ring name Katie...
coordinates) This list of impact structures on Earth contains a selection of the 190 confirmed craters given in the Earth Impact Database as of 2017. To...
long-term economic and environmental impact that hosting the Olympics will have. Beginning with the 2022 Winter Games, the IOC is allowing a longer distance...
The Northeast snowfall impact scale (NESIS) is a scale used to categorize winter storms in the Northeast United States. The scale was developed by meteorologists...
it." Sweetman, Simon (Winter 2009). "Statistics and rankings across history". The Cricket Statistician (148): 12. "How Impact Index works". 5 April 2012...
of the tournament would take place on the December 23 edition of Impact!. * Winter replaced Velvet Sky, who had been attacked backstage by Sarita. On...
structure was created 214 (±1) million years ago, in the Late Triassic, by the impact of a meteorite 5 km (3 mi) in diameter. The lake and island are clearly...
Operation Dark Winter was the code name for a senior-level bio-terrorist attack simulation conducted on June 22–23, 2001. It was designed to carry out...
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent...
30, 2022. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (May 8, 2023). "IMPACT Wrestling Announces 2 Shows This Summer In Australia (Winter, Down Under)". Impact Wrestling....
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