Hypothesis on what initiated the Younger Dryas climatic period (stadia)
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.(August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help improve it by rewriting it in a balanced fashion that contextualizes different points of view.(August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details.(October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH) proposes that the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool period (stadial) at the end of the Last Glacial Period, around 12,900 years ago was the result of some kind of extraterrestrial event with specific details varying between publications.[1]: Sec 1 The hypothesis is controversial and not widely accepted by relevant experts.[2][1][3]
It is an alternative to the long-standing and widely accepted explanation that it was caused by a significant reduction in, or shutdown of the North Atlantic Conveyor due to a sudden influx of freshwater from Lake Agassiz and deglaciation in North America.[4][5][6][7][excessive citations] A 1997 analysis suggested that to create continent-wide damage a 4 km comet[8]: Fig. 1 direct impact would be required, or that the same damage could be caused by a smaller disintegrating comet airburst.[8]: Fig. 5 In 2007, the first YDIH paper[9] speculated that a comet airburst over North America created a Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer; however, inconsistencies have been identified in other published results.[1] And authors have not yet responded to requests for clarification and have never made their raw data available.[10][better source needed] Some YDIH proponents have also proposed that this event triggered extensive biomass burning, a brief impact winter that destabilized the Atlantic Conveyor and triggered the Younger Dryas instance of abrupt climate change,[9]: p. 16021 contributed to extinctions of late Pleistocene megafauna, and resulted in the disappearance of the Clovis culture.[11][12]
^ abcHolliday, Vance T.; Daulton, Tyrone L.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Boslough, Mark B.; Breslawski, Ryan P.; Fisher, Abigail E.; Jorgeson, Ian A.; Scott, Andrew C.; Koeberl, Christian; Marlon, Jennifer; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (26 July 2023). "Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews. 247: 104502. Bibcode:2023ESRv..24704502H. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Powell (2022).
^Dalton R (16 May 2007). "Blast in the past?". Nature. 447 (7142): 256–257. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..256D. doi:10.1038/447256a. PMID 17507957. S2CID 11927411.
^Broecker WS (2006). "Was the Younger Dryas Triggered by a Flood?". Science. 312 (5777): 1146–1148. doi:10.1126/science.1123253. PMID 16728622. S2CID 39544213.
^Sun et al. (2020), p. 1: "The prevailing hypothesis is that the cooling and stratification of the North Atlantic Ocean were a consequence of massive ice sheet discharge of meltwater and icebergs and resulted in reduction or cessation of the North Atlantic Conveyor."
^Jones, N (2 September 2013). "Evidence found for planet-cooling asteroid". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13661. S2CID 131715496.
^ abToon, Owen B.; Zahnle, Kevin; Morrison, David; Turco, Richard P.; Covey, Curt (February 1997). "Environmental perturbations caused by the impacts of asteroids and comets". Reviews of Geophysics. 35 (1): 41–78. Bibcode:1997RvGeo..35...41T. doi:10.1029/96RG03038. ISSN 8755-1209.
^ abFirestone RB, West A, Kennett JP, Becker L, Bunch TE, Revay ZS, Schultz PH, Belgya T, et al. (9 October 2007). "Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (41): 16016–21. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10416016F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706977104. PMC 1994902. PMID 17901202.
^Firestone RB, West A, Kennett JP, Becker L, Bunch TE, Revay ZS, Schultz PH, Belgya T, et al. (9 October 2007). "Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling". PubPeer. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
^Powell (2022), p. 1: "The hypothesis proposes that the airburst or impact of a comet ~12,850 years ago caused the ensuing ~1200-year-long Younger Dryas (YD) cool period and contributed to the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna in the Western Hemisphere and the disappearance of the Clovis PaleoIndian culture."
^Pino et al. (2019), p. 1: "The Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis posits that fragments of a large, disintegrating asteroid/comet struck North America, South America, Europe, and western Asia ~12,800 years ago. Multiple airbursts/impacts produced the YD boundary layer (YDB), depositing peak concentrations of platinum, high-temperature spherules, meltglass, and nanodiamonds, forming an isochronous datum at >50 sites across ~50 million km² of Earth's surface. This proposed event triggered extensive biomass burning, brief impact winter, YD climate change, and contributed to extinctions of late Pleistocene megafauna."
and 20 Related for: Younger Dryas impact hypothesis information
The YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis (YDIH) proposes that the onset of the YoungerDryas (YD) cool period (stadial) at the end of the Last Glacial Period...
from the Comet Research Group, including the controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis, which has been comprehensively refuted, and which attributes...
seeks an explanation for his catastrophe in the controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis, suggesting that around 10,800 BC the fragments of a large...
a proposed date for such an impact and the following megafaunal extinctions. However, the YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis lacks widespread support among...
This has become the subject of considerable discussion. The YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis offered another proposed natural explanation for flood myths...
proponents of the controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis, which is now refuted by earth scientists and planetary impact specialists. Claims of Lonsdaleite...
the Comet Research Group (CRG), including the controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis. Archaeologists and other experts have described the theories...
during glacial sealevel lowstands; extraterrestrial impact hypotheses: A meteorite impacthypothesis proposed for Carolina bays in a 1933 publication by...
Paleoindian periods. The YoungerDryasImpacthypothesis, or Clovis Comet hypothesis, originally proposed that a large air burst or earth impact from a comet or...
titled "Modeling attacks on the food supply". The controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis, which evolved directly from pseudoscience and now forms the...
The site was claimed to contain evidence for the disputed YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis. Most of the stone artifacts found in Pilauco are made of volcanic...
the impact could have occurred as late as ~12,800 years ago, leading some to associate it with the controversial YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis (YDIH)...
David; Grayson, Donald; Boslough, Mark (2014-08-01). "The YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis: A cosmic catastrophe". Journal of Quaternary Science. 29 (6):...
geologists in their research. Proponents of the widely disputed YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis (YDIH) proposed that the abundant charcoal, which is found...
Claeys, Philippe (2023-07-26). "Comprehensive refutation of the YoungerDryasImpactHypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews: 104502. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev...
stated in 2013. Moreover, the YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis has now been refuted by earth scientists and planetary impact specialists. Bloody Creek crater...
supernova on marine megafauna and on human evolution, the YoungerDryasimpacthypothesis, the effects of the 774-775 carbon-14 spike and its association...