Inaccurately perceiving a relationship between two unrelated events
In psychology, illusory correlation is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists. A false association may be formed because rare or novel occurrences are more salient and therefore tend to capture one's attention.[1] This phenomenon is one way stereotypes form and endure.[2][3] Hamilton & Rose (1980) found that stereotypes can lead people to expect certain groups and traits to fit together, and then to overestimate the frequency with which these correlations actually occur.[4] These stereotypes can be learned and perpetuated without any actual contact occurring between the holder of the stereotype and the group it is about.
^Pelham, Brett; Blanton, Hart (2013) [2007]. Conducting Research in Psychology: measuring the weight of smoke (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-495-59819-0.
^Mullen, Brian; Johnson, Craig (1990). "Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration". British Journal of Social Psychology. 29 (1): 11–28. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00883.x.
^Stroessner, Steven J.; Plaks, Jason E. (2001). "Illusory Correlation and Stereotype Formation: Tracing the Arc of Research Over a Quarter Century". In Moskowitz, Gordon B. (ed.). Cognitive Social Psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 247–259. ISBN 978-0-8058-3414-7.
^Peeters, Vivian E. (1983). "The Persistence of Stereotypic Beliefs: a Cognitive View". In Richard P. Bagozzi; Alice M. Tybout (eds.). Advances in Consumer Research. Vol. 10. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research. pp. 454–458.
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In psychology, illusorycorrelation is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when...
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large samples of random data (that is, seeing phantom patterns). Illusorycorrelation, a tendency to inaccurately perceive a relationship between two unrelated...
relationship Moderating relationship Causality Correlation does not imply causation Illusorycorrelation Model specification Omitted-variable bias Post...
researched. A few studies had looked at whether mechanisms like illusorycorrelation and expectancy bias were present in all or most people with fear...
greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) and illusorycorrelation (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or...
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has to be considered (e.g., sunk costs fallacy). Biases, such as illusorycorrelation, that affect judgment of how likely something is or whether one thing...
demonstrations of telekinesis. For example, the illusion of control is an illusorycorrelation between intention and external events, and believers in the paranormal...
Ferguson (2009) has argued that a third variable of gender explains the illusorycorrelation between video game use and the type of people who conduct school...
intentionally attempting to mislead the reader or due to the phenomenon of illusorycorrelation. Comparing pie charts of different sizes could be misleading as people...
due to the effectiveness of research set biases of imaginability illusorycorrelation Anchoring and Adjustment heuristic: people will often start with...
(gay men who had been treated for mental illness) dispelled the illusorycorrelation between homosexuality and mental illness that prior research, conducted...
ISBN 978-0-470-52278-3. Roy N. King and Derek J. Koehler (2000), "IllusoryCorrelations in Graphological Inference", Journal of Experimental Psychology:...
sources are neither measured nor held constant, and these may produce illusorycorrelations in variables under study. Much research in several science disciplines...
study of") is the scientific study of dreams. Current research seeks correlations between dreaming and current knowledge about the functions of the brain...
the term "Apophänie". Synchronicity can be considered synonymous with correlation, without any statement about the veracity of various causal inferences...
(an R2 of 0.75); including American cheese production improved the illusorycorrelation to 95%, and including American and Bangladeshi sheep populations...
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