Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent variables
Whereas a mediator is a factor in the causal chain (top), a confounder is a spurious factor incorrectly implying causation (bottom)
In statistics, a spurious relationship or spurious correlation[1][2] is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are associated but not causally related, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor (referred to as a "common response variable", "confounding factor", or "lurking variable").
^Burns, William C., "Spurious Correlations", 1997.
In statistics, a spuriousrelationship or spurious correlation is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are associated but...
Look up spurious in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Spurious may refer to: Spuriousrelationship in statistics Spurious emission or spurious tone in...
invalidating the working hypothesis. This indicates the presence of a spuriousrelationship existing within experimental parameters. Unexpected results may...
expected 1:1 relationship between signals and wakeup. If there are ten threads waiting, only one will win and the other nine will experience spurious wakeup...
common cause or questionable cause) is a logical fallacy in which a spuriousrelationship is confused for causation. It asserts that X causes Y when in reality...
This principle follows from the fact that it is always possible a spuriousrelationship exists for variables between which covariance is found in some degree...
to, or immediately responsible for causing, some observed result Spuriousrelationship – Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent...
statistical analysis, badly specified econometric models may show a spuriousrelationship where two variables are correlated but causally unrelated. In a...
The Mierscheid law is a satirical forecast hypothesis based on a spuriousrelationship, published in the German magazine Vorwärts on 14 July 1983 and attributed...
The Redskins Rule is a spuriousrelationship in which the results of National Football League (NFL) games correlated strongly with the results of subsequent...
parasocial interaction/relationship research interest, the cause and effect is hard to be distinguished and potential spuriousness is difficult to be avoided...
are therefore alternate explanations for an observed (possibly spurious) relationship between intervention and outcome. Selection bias, a special case...
Information matrix test Model identification Principle of Parsimony Spuriousrelationship Statistical conclusion validity Statistical inference Statistical...
Birthday paradox Birthday problem Index of coincidence Bible code Spuriousrelationship Monty Hall problem Probable prime Probabilistic algorithm = Randomised...
In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although...
high R-squared relationship (suggesting high explanatory power on Fiji's consumption from Afghanistan's GNP). This is called spurious regression: two...
In statistics, spurious correlation of ratios is a form of spurious correlation that arises between ratios of absolute measurements which themselves are...
between different asset classes gives rise to spurious (i.e., unreliable) correlations or spuriousrelationships. The demanding nature of Solvency II legislation...
ciphertext needed to break the cipher by reducing the number of possible spurious keys to zero in a brute force attack. That is, after trying every possible...
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