Historical region in the south-east of the Caspian sea
Not to be confused with Hercynia.
For other uses, see Hyrcania (disambiguation).
Hyrcania
Gurgān
Province of the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Arsacid, and Sasanian Empire
548 BC–651 AD
Achaemenid Empire, with Province of Hyrcania
Capital
Zadracarta (548 BC–225 AD) Gurgān (225–651 AD)
Historical era
Antiquity
• Established
548 BC
• Fall of the Sasanian Empire
651 AD
Today part of
Iran
Turkmenistan
Hyrcania (/hərˈkeɪniə/) (Greek: ὙρκανίαHyrkanía,[1] Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 Varkâna,[2] Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 Gurgān, Akkadian: Urqananu)[2] is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran and Turkmenistan, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east.[3]
The region served as a satrapy (province) of the Median Empire, a sub-province of the Achaemenid Empire, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Arsacid and Sasanian empires. Hyrcania bordered Parthia to the east (later known as Abarshahr), Dihistan to the north, Media to the south and Mardia to the west.
states that the iron gates Alexander erected were controlled by the king of Hyrcania (on the south edge of the Caspian), and allowing passage of the gates to...
Asyncritus of Hyrcania, also Asynkritos (Greek: Ἀσύγκριτος, meaning "incomparable"), was numbered among the Seventy Disciples. He was bishop of Hyrcania in Asia...
groups and the Sogdians and Chorasmians, and immediately to the north of Hyrcania. During late 4th and early 3rd centuries BCE, the Dahae, and especially...
the west, Hyrcania on the north west, Margiana on the northeast, and Aria on the east. During Arsacid times, Parthia was united with Hyrcania as one administrative...
Darius II can be dated to January 10, 423 BC. He was already satrap of Hyrcania and was soon recognized by Media, Babylonia and Egypt. Xerxes II only ruled...
murdered by his brother Sogdianus. His illegitimate brother, Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania, rebelled against Sogdianus, and after a short fight killed him, and suppressed...
(465 BC – 464 BC). Artabanus probably originated from the province of Hyrcania and reportedly served as the chief official of Xerxes I. He is considered...
404 – 358 BC). For a time, Arsaces I consolidated his position in Parthia and Hyrcania by taking advantage of the invasion of Seleucid territory in the west by...
by Artaxerxes. Artaxerxes later sent Jews who supported the revolt to Hyrcania on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. The reduction of Sidon was followed...
Ctesias refers to the land of Tapuri between the two lands of Cadusii and Hyrcania. The name and probable habitations of the Tapuri appear, at different periods...
of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Cosmartidene of Babylon and satrap of Hyrcania. Ochus was also married to their common half-sister Parysatis, daughter...
Cappadocia, Persis, Parthia, Bactria, Arabia, Tapouria, Sogdia, Arachosia, Hyrcania, and other adjacent peoples that had been subdued by Alexander, as far...
Medes. At some point during his reign, Cyaxares conquered the countries of Hyrcania and Parthia, which were located to the immediate east of Media. According...
with a variety of reasons proposed: Familial origin in the region of Hyrcania on the Caspian Sea A Greek regnal name, which would have represented closer...
Mardians, conquered their territory in the Alborz mountains, and reclaimed Hyrcania from the Seleucid Empire. He died in 165/64 BC, and was succeeded by his...
custom for the dead is recorded in the regions of Bactria, Sogdia, and Hyrcania, but not in Western Iran. The discovery of ossuaries in both Eastern and...
proximity of the previous capitals (Mithradatkirt, and Hecatompylos at Hyrcania) to the Scythian incursions. Strabo abundantly describes the foundation...
maps. These were published in 1720 by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Hyrcania, ancient state in the north of Iran Sari, Mazandaran Province of Iran Anzali...
Soviet rule Turkmenistan SSR After Independence Related historical regions Hyrcania Sogdia Margiana Greater Iran Greater Khorasan Khwarazm Transcaspia Turkmenia...
several Caspian Gates at the eastern part of a region known in antiquity as Hyrcania, on the nomadic route from the northern steppes to the Iranian heartland...
selfless. Although he built fortresses (Masada, Herodium, Alexandrium, Hyrcania, and Machaerus) in which he and his family could take refuge in case of...
Soviet rule Turkmenistan SSR After Independence Related historical regions Hyrcania Sogdia Margiana Greater Iran Greater Khorasan Khwarazm Transcaspia Turkmenia...
Darius I Beotians Tigris region Sidonian prisoners of war Susa and Babylon Artaxerxes III Jews who supported the Sidonian revolt Hyrcania Artaxerxes III...
regions situated further west, Hyrcania, Parthia, Aria, Drangiana must have already belonged to the Medes. That Hyrcania and Parthia were possession of...