King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 to 405/4 BC
This article is about the ancient king of the Achaemenid Empire. For other uses, see Darius II (disambiguation).
Darius II 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁
King of Kings
Great King
King of Persia
Pharaoh of Egypt
King of Countries
Darius II as depicted on his tomb in Naqsh-e Rostam
King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
Reign
423–404 BC
Predecessor
Sogdianus
Successor
Artaxerxes II
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign
423–404 BC
Predecessor
Sogdianus
Successor
Amyrtaeus
Died
404 BC
Spouse
Parysatis
Issue
Artaxerxes II
Cyrus the Younger
Ostanes
Dynasty
Achaemenid
Father
Artaxerxes I
Mother
Cosmartidene of Babylon
Religion
Zoroastrianism
Darius II (Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁Dārayavaʰuš; Greek: ΔαρεῖοςDareios), also known by his given name Ochus (Greek: ὮχοςOchos), was King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 423 BC to 405[1] or 404 BC.[2]
Artaxerxes I, who died in 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Sogdianus. His illegitimate brother, Ochus, satrap of Hyrcania, rebelled against Sogdianus, and after a short fight killed him, and suppressed by treachery the attempt of his own brother Arsites to imitate his example.[citation needed] Ochus adopted the name Darius (Greek sources often call him Darius Nothos, "Bastard"). Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates of the numerous Babylonian tablets from Nippur; here effectively the reign of Darius II follows immediately after that of Artaxerxes I.[2]
Soldiers of the Empire, on the tomb of Darius II.Location of Darius II in the Achaemenid family tree.Prospective Tomb of Darius II in Naqsh-e Rostam
Historians know little about Darius II's reign. A rebellion by the Medes in 409 BC is mentioned by Xenophon. It does seem that Darius II was quite dependent on his wife Parysatis. In excerpts from Ctesias some harem intrigues are recorded, in which he played a disreputable part.[2] The Elephantine papyri mention Darius II as a contemporary of the high priest Johanan of Ezra 10:6.[3][4]
^Brill's New Pauly, "Darius".
^ abcOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Meyer, Eduard (1911). "Darius". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 833.
^Pritchard, James B. ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Princeton University Press, third edition with supplement 1969, p. 492
^Bezalel Porten (Author), J. J. Farber (Author), C. J. F. Martin (Author), G. Vittmann (Author), The Elephantine Papyri in English (Documenta Et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui, book 22), Koninklijke Brill NV, The Netherlands, 1996, p 125-153.
needed] Ochus adopted the name Darius (Greek sources often call him Darius Nothos, "Bastard"). Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates...
Though outmanoeuvered by Darius's significantly larger army, he marched back to Cilicia, where he defeated Darius at Issus. Darius fled the battle, causing...
in 424 BC by his half-brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by DariusII six months later. He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from...
Look up Darius in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Darius may refer to: Kings of the Achaemenid Empire Darius I (the Great, 550 to 487 BC) DariusII (423...
the son and successor of DariusII (r. 423 – 405/4 BC) and his mother was Parysatis. Soon after his accession, Artaxerxes II faced opposition from his...
to pursue Darius. Before Alexander reached him, however, Darius was killed by his relative Bessus, who was also the satrap of Bactria. Darius is partially...
The Palace of Darius in Susa was a palace complex that was built at the site of Susa, Iran, during the reign of Darius I over the Achaemenid Empire. The...
and his concubine Andia of Babylon. The first inscription of Ochus as DariusII can be dated to January 10, 423 BC. He seems to have been recognized by...
royal name DariusII. Darius' ability to defend his position on the throne ended the short power vacuum.[citation needed] From 412 BC DariusII, at the insistence...
accused Crown Prince Darius, Xerxes's eldest son, of the murder, and persuaded Artaxerxes to avenge the patricide by killing Darius. But according to Aristotle...
such as his cousin Darius, who occupied high offices under Cyrus and Cambyses, and serving as a spear-bearer under the latter. Darius' father, Hystaspes...
empire. All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades. From 414 BC, DariusII, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian...
unconfirmed. Following Cambyses’ rule the Persian pharaohs were as follows: DariusDarius ruled from the year 522 to 486 BCE. The main legacy of this ruler can...
Ramesses II (/ˈræməsiːz, ˈræmsiːz, ˈræmziːz/; Ancient Egyptian: rꜥ-ms-sw, Rīꜥa-masē-sə, Ancient Egyptian pronunciation: [ɾiːʕamaˈseːsə]; c. 1303 BC – 1213...
Sphendadátēs), until he was toppled by Darius the Great. The prince's name is listed variously in the historical sources. In Darius the Great's Behistun inscription...
and it led to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and of Darius III. In November 333 BC, King Darius III had lost the Battle of Issus to Alexander the Great...
construction of the Palace of Darius at Susa. He also maintained the Royal Road built by his father. In 465 BC, Xerxes and his heir Darius were assassinated by...
scholarly opinion was engraved under Darius and considered as a later forgery by Darius. However, Cambyses II's maternal grandfather Pharnaspes is named...
Darius, including his ancestry and lineage. Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the death of Cambyses II...
Darius Kinnard Garland (born January 26, 2000) is an American professional basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association...
Egypt. Cambyses II was the second monarch of the Achaemenid Empire and the first Achaemenid ruler to establish control over Egypt. DariusII was the ninth...
II, this inscription may have been written on the order of Darius I after Cyrus' death. As such, Achaemenes could be a retrograde creation of Darius the...
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