Oscar Reuther, Antonio Invernizzi, Giorgio Gullini
Condition
Ruined
Ctesiphon (/ˈtɛsɪfɒn/TESS-if-on; Middle Persian: 𐭲𐭩𐭮𐭯𐭥𐭭, Tyspwn or Tysfwn;[1] Persian: تیسفون; Greek: Κτησιφῶν, Attic Greek:[ktɛːsipʰɔ̂ːn]; Syriac: ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ[2]) was an ancient Iranian city, located on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of present-day Baghdad. Ctesiphon served as a royal capital of the Iranian empire in the Parthian and Sasanian eras for over eight hundred years.[3] Ctesiphon was capital of the Sasanian Empire from 226–637 until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD.
Ctesiphon developed into a rich commercial metropolis, merging with the surrounding cities along both shores of the river, including the Hellenistic city of Seleucia. Ctesiphon and its environs were therefore sometimes referred to as "The Cities" (Mahuza, Arabic: المدائن, romanized: al-Mada'in). In the late sixth and early seventh century, it was listed as the largest city in the world by some accounts.[4]
During the Roman–Parthian Wars, Ctesiphon fell three times to the Romans, and later fell twice during Sasanian rule. It was also the site of the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363 AD. After the Muslim invasion, the city fell into decay and was depopulated by the end of the eighth century, its place as a political and economic center taken by the Abbasid capital at Baghdad. The most conspicuous structure remaining today is the Taq Kasra, sometimes called the Archway of Ctesiphon.[5]
^Kröger, Jens. "Ctesiphon". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^Thomas A. Carlson et al., “Ctesiphon — ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified July 28, 2014, http://syriaca.org/place/58.
^"Ctesiphon: An Ancient Royal Capital in Context". Smithsonian. September 15, 2018. Retrieved 2018-09-21.
^"Largest Cities Through History". geography.about.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
^Eventually no less than four Sasanian rulers were quoted as its builders: Shapur I (241–273), Shapur II (310–379), Chosroes I Anushirvan (531–579) and Chosroes II Parvez (590–628). Kurz, Otto (1941). "The Date of the Ṭāq i Kisrā". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. (New Series). 73 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00093138. JSTOR 25221709. S2CID 162160996.
first in Edessa and then transferred to the Persian capital of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in central Mesopotamia during the Roman conquest of Edessa. In the 9th...
called the Arch of Ctesiphon. It is located near the modern town of Salman Pak, Iraq. It was the facade of the main palace in Ctesiphon, and is the only...
d-Maḏenḥā) or the East Syriac Church, also called the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, the Persian Church, the Assyrian Church, the Babylonian Church or the...
121). During his days a bishopric was formally established at Seleucia-Ctesiphon. 5. Abris (Abres or Ahrasius) (121–148 AD) 6. Abraham (Abraham I of Kashker)...
said that Kardarigan should kill Shahrbaraz and take his army back to Ctesiphon, but the bearers of the letter were intercepted in Galatia by Byzantine...
of Ctesiphon may refer to: Battle of Ctesiphon (116), under Roman Emperor Trajan Battle of Ctesiphon (165), under Lucius Verus Battle of Ctesiphon (198)...
Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (The Synod of Mar Isaac) met in 410 AD under the presidency of Mar Isaac, the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon. The most important...
into the heartland of Persia, and arrived at the walls of its capital, Ctesiphon. The city withstood the short siege but Odaenathus reclaimed the entirety...
bar Ṣabbaʿe; died Good Friday, 345) was the Assyrian Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, from Persia, the de facto head of the Church of the East, until his death...
of the most recent population estimate in 2018. Babylon (ܒܒܝܠ) (بابل) Ctesiphon (Al-Mada'in, المدائن) Eridu (إريدو) Hatra (حضر) Kish (كيش) Lagash (لجش)...
governor for Khorasan, and afterwards set out for the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon. The legitimacy of the House of Sasan was based on acceptance that the...
Samuel was the Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East from 614 until his death in 624. According to Bar Hebraeus' Ecclesiastical History, Samuel...
Ancient Church of the East. He resided in the Apostolic See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in Baghdad, Iraq. Mar Addai II was born on 6 January 1948,[citation needed]...
variety of Persian used in the court of the Sasanian Empire in capital Ctesiphon, which was spread to the northeast of the empire and gradually replaced...
Lapaeumides ctesiphon is a moth in the Castniidae family. It is found in Brazil. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lapaeumides ctesiphon. Wikispecies...
historical Church of the East (the ancient Patriarchal Province of Seleucia-Ctesiphon), the others being the Assyrian Church of the East and the Chaldean Catholic...
Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate soon after conquest of Ctesiphon. After the capture of Ctesiphon, several detachments were immediately sent to the west...
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