Baku (Azerbaijan), Bandar-e Anzali (Iran), Aqtau (Kazakhstan), Makhachkala (Russia), Türkmenbaşy (Turkmenistan)
(see article)
References
[1]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.[2][3][4] An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia, south of the fertile plains of Southern Russia in Eastern Europe, and north of the mountainous Iranian Plateau. It covers a surface area of 371,000 km2 (143,000 sq mi) (excluding the highly saline lagoon of Garabogazköl to its east), an area approximately equal to that of Japan, with a volume of 78,200 km3 (19,000 cu mi).[5] It has a salinity of approximately 1.2% (12 g/L), about a third of the salinity of average seawater. It is bounded by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the southwest, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast.
The sea stretches 1,200 km (750 mi) from north to south, with an average width of 320 km (200 mi). Its gross coverage is 386,400 km2 (149,200 sq mi) and the surface is about 27 m (89 ft) below sea level. Its main freshwater inflow, Europe's longest river, the Volga, enters at the shallow north end. Two deep basins form its central and southern zones. These lead to horizontal differences in temperature, salinity, and ecology. The seabed in the south reaches 1,023 m (3,356 ft) below sea level, which is the second-lowest natural non-oceanic depression on Earth after Lake Baikal (−1,180 m or −3,870 ft).
Written accounts from the ancient inhabitants of its coast perceived the Caspian Sea as an ocean, probably because of its salinity and large size. With a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,000 sq mi), the Caspian Sea is nearly five times as big as Lake Superior (82,000 square kilometres (32,000 sq mi)).[6] The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and is famous for its caviar and oil industries. Pollution from the oil industry and dams on rivers that drain into it have harmed its ecology. It is predicted that during the 21st century, the depth of the sea will decrease by 9–18 m (30–60 ft) due to global warming and the process of desertification, causing an ecocide.[7][8][9]
^ abvan der Leeden, Troise, and Todd, eds., The Water Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Chelsea F.C., MI: Lewis Publishers, 1990, p. 196.
^"Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea". President Of Russia. 12 August 2018. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^"Is the Caspian a sea or a lake?". The Economist. 16 August 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^Zimnitskaya, Hanna; von Geldern, James (1 January 2011). "Is the Caspian Sea a sea; and why does it matter?". Journal of Eurasian Studies. 2 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2010.10.009. ISSN 1879-3665. S2CID 154951201.
^Leong, Goh Cheng (27 October 1995). Certificate Physics And Human Geography; Indian Edition. Oxford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-19-562816-6. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^"Great Lakes – Physical Facts". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 29 October 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
^Dumont, Henri (October 1995). "Ecocide in the Caspian Sea". Nature. 377 (6551): 673–674. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..673D. doi:10.1038/377673a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4363852.
^Wesselingh, Frank; Lattuada, Matteo (23 December 2020). "The Caspian Sea is set to fall by 9 metres or more this century – an ecocide is imminent". The Conversation. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
CaspianSea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea....
literally "Ship-maquette" or "Model-Ship"), known colloquially as the CaspianSea Monster, was an experimental ground effect vehicle developed in the Soviet...
The Caspian tiger was a Panthera tigris tigris population native to eastern Turkey, northern Iran, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus around the CaspianSea, Central...
The Caspian Flotilla (Russian: Каспийская флотилия, tr. Kaspiyskaya flotiliya) is the flotilla of the Russian Navy in the CaspianSea. Established in...
Caspian can refer to: The CaspianSea The Caspian Depression, surrounding the northern part of the CaspianSea The Caspians, the ancient people living...
brackish CaspianSea. It lives along the shorelines, but also on the many rocky islands and floating blocks of ice that dot the CaspianSea. In winter...
the term caviar refers only to roe from wild sturgeon in the CaspianSea and Black Sea (beluga, ossetra and sevruga caviars). The term caviar can also...
'Caspian Lowland') or Pricaspian/Peri-Caspian Depression/Lowland is a low-lying flatland region encompassing the northern part of the CaspianSea, the...
(Canis lupus campestris), also known as the CaspianSea wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Caspian steppes, the steppe regions of the Caucasus...
Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Eurasian inland marine basins (primarily represented today by the Black Sea and CaspianSea). During the Early Mesozoic...
Geographically, the country of Iran is located in West Asia and borders the CaspianSea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Topographically, it is predominantly...
forests are located in the northern regions, on the southern shores of the CaspianSea. These forests have a temperate humid climate and are extended from the...
the CaspianSea today). Currently, the Black Sea water level is relatively high; thus, water is being exchanged with the Mediterranean. The Black Sea undersea...
dynamic has been reached. In 1999 the species was introduced in the CaspianSea via the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. The establishment...
The Caspian languages are a branch of Northwestern Iranian languages spoken in northern Iran and south-eastern Azerbaijan, south of the CaspianSea. They...
about 55,000 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi) near the shores of the CaspianSea in Iran and Azerbaijan. The forest is named after the ancient region...
and Caspianseas into vast freshwater lakes draining into the Aegean Sea. As glaciers retreated, some of the rivers emptying into the Black Sea declined...
Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the CaspianSea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. It is one of the...
200 sq mi), and the largest lakes under a geological definition, where the CaspianSea is considered a small ocean rather than a lake, and Lake Michigan–Huron...
Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the CaspianSea to the east, Russia's republic of Dagestan to the north, Georgia to the...
Europe and West Asia. Three physical features dominate Azerbaijan: the CaspianSea, whose shoreline forms a natural boundary to the east; the Greater Caucasus...
uncivilized world. The original Gates of Alexander were just south of the CaspianSea, at Rhagae, where Alexander crossed while pursuing Darius III. The name...
into the CaspianSea via the Uzboy Channel until the Holocene. Geographer Nick Middleton believes it did not begin to flow into the Aral Sea until that...
Sea and its status as "sea", basically revolving around the issue of the CaspianSea about either being factually an oceanic sea or only a saline body...
other important seas nearby which they navigated regularly, including the Black Sea, CaspianSea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Adriatic Sea. In British...
of the 31 provinces of Iran, located along the southern coast of the CaspianSea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern...
Global Information
