Carbon microballs made from glycose via hydrothermal carbonization, that have been processed with CO2 for 6 hours to change surface properties. SEM image from University of Tartu.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (also referred to as "aqueous carbonization at elevated temperature and pressure") is a chemical process for the conversion of organic compounds to structured carbons. It can be used to make a wide variety of nanostructured carbons, simple production of brown coal substitute, synthesis gas, liquid petroleum precursors and humus from biomass with release of energy. Technically the process imitates, within a few hours, the brown coal formation process (German "Inkohlung" literally "coalification") which takes place in nature over enormously longer geological time periods of 50,000 to 50 million years. It was investigated by Friedrich Bergius and first described in 1913.[1]
^Friedrich Carl Rudolf Bergius: Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und die Nachbildung des Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle. W. Knapp, Halle a.S. 1913, OCLC 250146190.
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University of Breslau, University of Leipzig Known for Bergius process Hydrothermalcarbonization Awards Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1931) Melchett Medal (1934)...
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intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin. Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite refers to graphite with...
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exposure to PAH-rich environments among workers in coke ovens and coal carbonization and gasification processes. The structure of a PAH influences whether...
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climate were the effects of a local active Strombolian Volcanism and hydrothermal activity. Djupadalsmölla, the original location has been known due to...
Glover (2018). "Microbial-tubeworm associations in a 440 million year old hydrothermal vent community". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences...
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