Iron-black to steel-gray; deep blue in transmitted light
Crystal habit
Tabular, six-sided foliated masses, granular to compacted masses
Twinning
Present
Cleavage
Basal – perfect on {0001}
Fracture
Flaky, otherwise rough when not on cleavage
Tenacity
Flexible non-elastic, sectile
Mohs scale hardness
1–2
Luster
Metallic, earthy
Streak
Black
Diaphaneity
Opaque, transparent only in extremely thin flakes
Specific gravity
1.9–2.3
Density
2.09–2.23 g/cm3
Optical properties
Uniaxial (−)
Pleochroism
Strong
Solubility
Soluble in molten nickel, warm chlorosulfuric acid[2]
Other characteristics
strongly anisotropic, conducts electricity, greasy feel, readily marks
References
[3][4][5]
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in pencils, lubricants, and electrodes. Under high pressures and temperatures it converts to diamond. It is a good (but not excellent) conductor of both heat[6] and electricity.[7]
^Liquid method: pure graphene production. Phys.org (May 30, 2010).
^Graphite. Mindat.org.
^Graphite. Webmineral.com.
^Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1990). "Graphite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Vol. I (Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts). Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 978-0962209703. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-04.
^"Thermal properties of graphite — thermal conductivity". CFC Carbon Ltd. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
^Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most...
Graphitization is a process of transforming a carbonaceous material, such as coal, graphite or certain forms of iron alloys, into graphite. The graphitization...
Carbon fibers or carbon fibres (alternatively CF, graphite fiber or graphite fibre) are fibers about 5 to 10 micrometers (0.00020–0.00039 in) in diameter...
the marked surface. Most pencil cores are made of graphite powder mixed with a clay binder. Graphite pencils (traditionally known as "lead pencils") produce...
include graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, and fullerenes. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is...
Graphite oxide (GO), formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by...
moshchnosti kanalnyy, "high-power channel-type reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union...
nanostructure. The name is derived from "graphite" and the suffix -ene, reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon contains numerous double...
Nuclear graphite is any grade of graphite, usually synthetic graphite, manufactured for use as a moderator or reflector within a nuclear reactor. Graphite is...
Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is a highly pure and ordered form of synthetic graphite. It is characterised by a low mosaic spread angle, meaning...
Compacted graphite iron (CGI), also known as vermicular graphite iron (GJV, VG, JV or GGV from the German: "Gusseisen mit Vermiculargraphit") especially...
Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), also known as electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS), is a type of spectrometry...
element) due to its valency. Well-known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades, many more allotropes have been discovered and researched...
Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (APG), also known as Thermally Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite (TPG), is a form of synthetic graphite that offers excellent in-plane...
iron, nodular cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron and SG iron, is a type of graphite-rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by...
graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules"...
Expandable graphite (also known as exfoliated graphite) is produced from the naturally occurring mineral graphite. The layered structure of graphite allows...
A graphite bomb is intended to be a non-lethal weapon used to disable an electrical grid. The bomb works by spreading a dense cloud of extremely fine,...
The Prince original graphite, or the "POG" as it is called, or "The Original G" is a tennis racquet manufactured by Prince Sports. It was first introduced...
Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets as a result of imperfections in its production...
Graphite Capital is a private equity firm focused on mid-market leveraged buyout investments, primarily in the UK. The group manages around £1.2 billion...
Lanka Graphite Limited is a company engaged in the exploration, development and mining of graphite in Sri Lanka. It was listed on the Australian Securities...
Cleveland, Ohio based manufacturing company, founded as the Cleveland Graphite Bronze Company. The company was a leading producer of Babbit bearings and...
without the need for a liquid oil medium. The two main dry lubricants are graphite and molybdenum disulfide. They offer lubrication at temperatures higher...
Quantum3D Graphite arcade system was created by Quantum3D to succeed their Quicksilver and Quicksilver II boards. Like the Quicksilver II, the Graphite board...
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