Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H2S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with trace amounts in ambient atmosphere having a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs.[11] Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is credited with having discovered the chemical composition of purified hydrogen sulfide in 1777.[12]
Hydrogen sulfide is toxic to humans and most other animals by inhibiting cellular respiration in a manner similar to hydrogen cyanide. When it is inhaled or its salts are ingested in high amounts,[clarification needed] damage to organs occurs rapidly with symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to convulsions and death.[13][14] Despite this, the human body produces small amounts of this sulfide and its mineral salts, and uses it as a signalling molecule.[15]
Hydrogen sulfide is often produced from the microbial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion, which is done by sulfate-reducing microorganisms. It also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas deposits, and sometimes in well-drawn water.
^"Hydrogen Sulfide - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
^ abPatnaik, Pradyot (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
^ abWilliam M. Haynes (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 4–87. ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3.
^"Hydrogen sulfide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^Perrin, D.D. (1982). Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
^Bruckenstein, S.; Kolthoff, I.M., in Kolthoff, I.M.; Elving, P.J. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 1, pt. 1; Wiley, NY, 1959, pp. 432–433.
^ abZumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ abcNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0337". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ab"Hydrogen sulfide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^"Hydrogen sulfide". npi.gov.au.
^Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^Smith, Roger P. (2010). "A Short History of Hydrogen Sulfide". American Scientist. 98 (1): 6. doi:10.1511/2010.82.6.
^Shackelford, R. E.; Li, Y.; Ghali, G. E.; Kevil, C. G. (2021). "Bad Smells and Broken DNA: A Tale of Sulfur-Nucleic Acid Cooperation". Antioxidants. 10 (11): 1820. doi:10.3390/antiox10111820. PMC 8614844. PMID 34829691.
^Reiffenstein, R. J.; Hulbert, W. C.; Roth, S. H. (1992). "Toxicology of Hydrogen Sulfide". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 32: 109–134. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545. PMID 1605565.
^Bos, E. M; Van Goor, H; Joles, J. A; Whiteman, M; Leuvenink, H. G (2015). "Hydrogen sulfide: Physiological properties and therapeutic potential in ischaemia". British Journal of Pharmacology. 172 (6): 1479–1493. doi:10.1111/bph.12869. PMC 4369258. PMID 25091411.
Hydrogensulfide is a chemical compound with the formula H2S. It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is poisonous, corrosive, and flammable, with...
sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogensulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (SH−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide. The sulfide ion, S2−, does not exist in aqueous...
generated by mixing hydrogensulfide and ammonia. Solutions of ammonium hydrosulfide can be prepared by passing hydrogensulfide gas through concentrated...
breath, grapefruit, and garlic are due to organosulfur compounds. Hydrogensulfide gives the characteristic odor to rotting eggs and other biological...
Livestock manure produces several gases including four main toxic gases, hydrogensulfide, methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide. In animal housing it is very...
alkaline solutions. When exposed to moist air, Na2S and its hydrates emit hydrogensulfide, an extremely toxic, flammable and corrosive gas which smells like...
with hydrogen gives hydrogensulfide. When dissolved in water, hydrogensulfide is mildly acidic: H2S ⇌ HS− + H+ Hydrogensulfide gas and the hydrosulfide...
reduced hydrogensulfide production. Also, evidence suggests that colonic hydrogensulfide is largely present in bound forms, probably sulfides of iron...
Hydrogensulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogensulfide. It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities Due to...
is natural gas or any other gas containing significant amounts of hydrogensulfide (H2S). Natural gas is usually considered sour if there are more than...
threshold for hydrogensulfide is 8-10 μg/L, with levels above this imparting a distinct rotten egg aroma to the wine. Hydrogensulfide can further react...
with hydrogensulfide oceans, the source of the hydrogensulfide could come from volcanoes, in which case it could be mixed in with a bit of hydrogen fluoride...
product of the half-neutralization of hydrogensulfide (H2S) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). NaSH and sodium sulfide are used industrially, often for similar...
to hydrogensulfide (H2S) and elemental sulfur. The connection of atoms in the hydrogen disulfide molecule is H−S−S−H. The structure of hydrogen disulfide...
acrylonitrile: HO–CH2CH2–CN → CH2=CH–CN + H2O When reacting with the hydrogensulfide, ethylene oxide forms 2-mercaptoethanol and thiodiglycol, and with...
to hydrogensulfide via catalytic hydrodesulfurization and removed from the product stream via amine gas treating. Using the Claus process, hydrogen sulfide...
Hydrogensulfide (H2S) is a noxious gas characterized by its distinctive stench reminiscent of rotten eggs. It goes by several colloquial names, including...
organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogensulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight...
inorganic forms, such as hydrogensulfide (H2S), elemental sulfur, as well as sulfide minerals. Oxidation of hydrogensulfide, sulfide, and elemental sulfur...
of dimethyl sulfide, noting "On Earth, this is only produced by life." In industry dimethyl sulfide is produced by treating hydrogensulfide with excess...
active in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic); they produce hydrogensulfide, causing sulfide stress cracking. In the presence of oxygen (aerobic), some...
Silver sulfide naturally occurs as the tarnish on silverware. When combined with silver, hydrogensulfide gas creates a layer of black silver sulfide patina...
deep-water sulfate-reducing bacteria, causing massive emissions of hydrogensulfide, which poisoned life on both land and sea and severely weakened the...
synthesis from hydrogensulfide gas and zinc vapour, and this is sold as FLIR-grade (Forward Looking Infrared), where the zinc sulfide is in a milky-yellow...
Hydrogensulfide is produced in small amounts by some cells of the mammalian body and has a number of biological signaling functions. Only two other such...
oxides/hydroxides. This can begin when the sulfide is exposed to the atmosphere. The hydrolysis reaction generates gaseous hydrogensulfide (H2S). More than six crystalline...
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