Similar behavior of quantum systems to droplets bouncing on a fluid
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Superwalking droplet
In physics, the hydrodynamic quantum analogs refer to experimentally-observed phenomena involving bouncing fluid droplets over a vibrating fluid bath that behave analogously to several quantum-mechanical systems.[1] The experimental evidence has been disputed.[2][3]
A droplet can be made to bounce indefinitely in a stationary position on a vibrating fluid surface. This is possible due to a pervading air layer that prevents the drop from coalescing into the bath.[4] For certain combinations of bath surface acceleration, droplet size, and vibration frequency, a bouncing droplet will cease to stay in a stationary position, but instead “walk” in a rectilinear motion on top of the fluid bath.[5] Walking droplet systems have been found to mimic several quantum mechanical phenomena including particle diffraction, quantum tunneling, quantized orbits, the Zeeman Effect, and the quantum corral.[6][7][8][9][10]
Besides being an interesting means to visualise phenomena that are typical of the quantum-mechanical world, floating droplets on a vibrating bath have interesting analogies with the pilot wave theory, one of the many interpretations of quantum mechanics in its early stages of conception and development. The theory was initially proposed by Louis de Broglie in 1927.[11] It suggests that all particles in motion are actually borne on a wave-like motion, similar to how an object moves on a tide. In this theory, it is the evolution of the carrier wave that is given by the Schrödinger equation. It is a deterministic theory and is entirely nonlocal. It is an example of a hidden variable theory, and all non-relativistic quantum mechanics can be accounted for in this theory. The theory was abandoned by de Broglie in 1932, gave way to the Copenhagen interpretation, but was revived by David Bohm in 1952 as De Broglie–Bohm theory. The Copenhagen interpretation does not use the concept of the carrier wave or that a particle moves in definite paths until a measurement is made.
^Bush (October 2012). "Quantum mechanics writ large". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (41): 17455–17456. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10717455B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012399107. PMC 2955131.
^Andersen, Anders; Madsen, Jacob; Reichelt, Christian; Rosenlund Ahl, Sonja; Lautrup, Benny; Ellegaard, Clive; Levinsen, Mogens T.; Bohr, Tomas (2015-07-06). "Double-slit experiment with single wave-driven particles and its relation to quantum mechanics". Physical Review E. 92 (1). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.92.013006. ISSN 1539-3755.
^Wolchover, Natalie (11 October 2018). "Famous Experiment Dooms Alternative to Quantum Weirdness". Quanta Magazine. Retrieved 17 October 2018. Oil droplets guided by "pilot waves" have failed to reproduce the results of the quantum double-slit experiment
^Couder; et al. (May 2005). "From Bouncing to Floating: Noncoalescence of Drops on a Fluid Bath". Physical Review Letters. 94 (17): 177801. Bibcode:2005PhRvL..94q7801C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.177801. PMID 15904334.
^Molacek, J.; Bush, J. (July 2013). "Drops bouncing on a vibrating bath". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 727: 582–611. Bibcode:2013JFM...727..582M. doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.279. hdl:1721.1/80699. S2CID 14654834.
^Fort, E.; Couder, Y. (October 2006). "Single-Particle Diffraction and Interference at a Macroscopic Scale". Physical Review Letters. 97 (15): 154101. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97o4101C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.154101. PMID 17155330.
^Eddi; et al. (June 2009). "Unpredictable Tunneling of a Classical Wave-Particle Association". Physical Review Letters. 102 (24): 240401. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102x0401E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.240401. PMID 19658983.
^Eddi; et al. (June 2012). "Level Splitting at Macroscopic Scale". Physical Review Letters. 108 (26): 264503. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.108z4503E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.264503. PMID 23004988.
^Harris; et al. (July 2013). "Wavelike statistics from pilot-wave dynamics in a circular corral" (PDF). Physical Review E. 88 (1): 011001. Bibcode:2013PhRvE..88a1001H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.88.011001. hdl:1721.1/80700. PMID 23944402. S2CID 1339840.
^
de Broglie, L. (1927). "La mécanique ondulatoire et la structure atomique de la matière et du rayonnement". Journal de Physique et le Radium. 8 (5): 225–241. Bibcode:1927JPhRa...8..225D. doi:10.1051/jphysrad:0192700805022500.
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