Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey.[1] It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli[2] as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica[3] where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. It is oxidatively dimerised to form hipposudoric acid, one of the main constituents of the 'blood sweat' of hippopotamuses.
It is less commonly known as melanic acid, the name chosen by William Prout.
^Paolo Cabras; Alberto Angioni; Carlo Tuberoso; Ignazio Floris; Fabiano Reniero; Claude Guillou; Stefano Ghelli (1999). "Homogentisic Acid: A Phenolic Acid as a Marker of Strawberry-Tree (Arbutus unedo) Honey". J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 (10): 4064–4067. doi:10.1021/jf990141o. PMID 10552766.
^Goodwin PH, Sopher CR (1994). "Brown pigmentation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli associated with homogentisic acid". Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 40 (1): 28–34. doi:10.1139/m94-005. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
^Alexandra Carreira; Luísa M. Ferreira; Virgílio Loureiro (2001). "Brown Pigments Produced by Yarrowia lipolytica Result from Extracellular Accumulation of Homogentisic Acid". Appl Environ Microbiol. 67 (8): 3463–3468. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319.523. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.8.3463-3468.2001. PMC 93044. PMID 11472920.
Homogentisicacid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the...
accumulates an intermediate substance called homogentisicacid in the blood and tissues. Homogentisicacid and its oxidized form alkapton are excreted...
from the oxidative dimerization of homogentisicacid. It has been both widely and falsely reported that hipposudoric acid colors hippo milk pink. This is...
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H. Oxaloacetic acid, in the...
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis...
Ochronosis is a syndrome caused by the accumulation of homogentisicacid in connective tissues. The condition was named after the yellowish (ocher-like)...
Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste. The molecule consists of a benzene ring, ortho-substituted...
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when...
Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a...
Fumaric acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and...
α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the...
The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon. Although named and described by...
/ˈɡlaɪsiːn/ ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable). In the...
Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle. Ornithine is abnormally accumulated in the body in ornithine transcarbamylase...
Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+...
M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. As the precursor of other non-essential amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds...
glycocyamine (guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-adenosyl methionine. It is then transported through...
discoloration and connective tissue damage from the accumulation of homogentisicacid). Combination therapy—using medications of different classes together...
(symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α-amino group...
catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione to glutathione and D-lactic acid. It maintains exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in their reduced...
microalgae, together with spermine and spermidine. Putrescine reacts with adipic acid to yield the polyamide nylon 46, which is marketed by DSM under the trade...
deficiency may produce 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones, alkaptonurics produce homogentisicacid stones, and iminoglycinurics produce stones of glycine, proline, and...
(/ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɪstiːn/) or Hcy: is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge...
in the blood to the liver. A methyl group is added to GAA from the amino acid methionine by the enzyme GAMT, forming non-phosphorylated creatine. This...
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