"History of Spanish" redirects here. For the history of the Spanish people, see Spaniards § History.
Spanish language
A manuscript of the Cantar de mio Cid, 13th century
Overview
Pronunciation
stress
Orthography
Names
History
Old
Middle
Influences
Grammar
Determiners
Nouns
gender
Pronouns
personal
object
Adjectives
Prepositions
Verbs
conjugation
irregular verbs
Dialects
Andalusian
Andean
Argentine
Belizean
Bolivian
Canarian
Caribbean
Central American
Chilean
Colombian
Costa Rican
Cuban
Dominican
Ecuadorian
Equatoguinean
Guatemalan
Honduran
Mexican
Murcian
New Mexican
Nicaraguan
Paraguay
Panamanian
Peninsular
Peruvian
Philippine
status
Puerto Rican
Rioplatense
Saharan
Salvadoran
Standard
Uruguayan
Venezuelan
Dialectology
Seseo
Yeísmo
Voseo
Leísmo
Loísmo
Interlanguages
Llanito
Jopara
Judaeo-Spanish
Portuñol
Spanglish
Castrapo
Creoles
Roquetas Pidgin
Chavacano or Chabacano
Palenquero or Palenque
Teaching
Hispanism
RAE
Instituto Cervantes
v
t
e
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
The language known today as Spanish is derived from spoken Latin, which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans after their occupation of the peninsula that started in the late 3rd century BC. Today it is the world's 4th most widely spoken language, after English, Mandarin Chinese and Hindi.[1] Influenced by the peninsular hegemony of Al-Andalus in the early middle ages, Hispano-Romance varieties borrowed substantial lexicon from Arabic. Upon the southward territorial expansion of the Kingdom of Castile, Hispano-Romance norms associated to this polity displaced both Arabic and the Mozarabic romance varieties in the conquered territories, even though the resulting speech also assimilated features from the latter in the process.[2] The first standard written norm of Spanish was brought forward in the 13th century by Alfonso X the Wise (who used Castilian, i.e. Spanish, along Latin as language of the administration), probably drawing from the speech of the upper classes of Toledo.[3] Features associated with the Castilian patterns of Hispano-Romance also spread west and east to the kingdoms of León and Aragón for the rest of the middle ages, owing to the political prestige achieved by the Kingdom of Castile in the peninsular context and to the lesser literary development of their vernacular norms.[4] From the 1560s onward the standard written form followed Madrid's.[5]
The Spanish language expanded overseas in the Early Modern period in the wake of the Spanish conquests in the Americas (as well as the Canary Islands). Besides the Caribbean, the colonial administration in the new territories had its main centres of power located in Mexico City and Lima, which retained more features from the central peninsular norm than other more peripheral territories of the Spanish Empire, where adoption of patterns from the southern peninsular norm of Seville (the largest city of the Crown in the 16th century and the port linking to the Americas) was more pervasive, even though in other regards the influence from the latter norm (associated to Andalusian Spanish) came to be preponderant in the entire Americas.[6] Spanish varieties henceforth borrowed influence from Amerindian languages, primarily coming from the Caribbean, the Central-Andean and Mesoamerican regions.[7] Today it is the official language of 20 countries, as well as an official language of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations.
^"History of Spanish language". Language Throne. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
^Penny (2002:17–290)
^Penny (2002:19–22)
^Penny (2002:19–20)
^Penny (2002:20–21)
^Penny (2002:22–26)
^Penny (2002:23)
and 26 Related for: History of the Spanish language information
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