Other Khitan dynasties include Northern Liao and Qara Khitai (Western Liao).
The Liao dynasty had a different name, "Khitan", which was used in 916–947, 983–1066.
The history of the Khitans dates back to the 4th century. The Khitan people dominated much of northern China, Manchuria and the Mongolian Plateau. They subsequently established the Liao dynasty and the Western Liao dynasty.
Originally from Xianbei origins, the Khitans were part of the Kumo Xi tribe until 388 when the Kumo Xi–Khitan tribal grouping was defeated by the newly established Northern Wei dynasty. This allowed the Khitans to reorganize and consolidate their own tribal identity which led to the beginning of Khitan written history.[1]
From the 5th to the 8th centuries, the Khitans were dominated by the Turks and then the Uyghurs in the west, various Central Plain dynasties in the south, and Goguryeo in the east. Despite coming under the domination of other polities, the Khitans grew in power. Their rise was slow compared to others because they were frequently crushed by neighbouring powers—each employing the Khitan warriors when needed but ready to crush them when the Khitans became too powerful.[2]
Following the collapse of the Tang dynasty in the early 10th century, they founded the Liao dynasty in 916. The Liao dynasty proved to be a significant power north of the Central Plain and it gradually expanded to occupy other territories including the Sixteen Prefectures. They eventually fell to the Jin dynasty in 1125, who subordinated and absorbed the Khitans to their military benefit.[2]
Following the fall of the Liao dynasty, many Khitans migrated westward and established the Western Liao dynasty. Although the Khitans no longer survive as a distinct ethnic group in contemporary times, their name is preserved in the Russian word for China (Китай, Kitay) as well as the archaic English (Cathay) Portuguese (Catai) Hungarian (Kína) and the Spanish (Catay) appellations of the name.
^Xu Elina-Qian, 258
^ abXu Elina-Qian, p.241 and p.237
and 23 Related for: History of the Khitans information
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Howorth, H. H. (1881). "The Northern Frontagers of China. Part V. The Khitai or Khitans". Journal ofthe Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland...
being similar to the Emperor's name Li of the Tang dynasty. Khitan people HistoryoftheKhitans "China's Liao Dynasty". Asia Society. Bo (1977) 842-845....
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to the large script, theKhitans simultaneously also used a functionally independent writing system known as theKhitan small script. Both Khitan scripts...
to the small script, theKhitans simultaneously also used a functionally independent writing system known as theKhitan large script. Both Khitan scripts...
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University of Cumbria, Division of Religion and Philosophy. Archived from the original on 28 October 2008. Yuan, Hong (14 November 2022). From theKhitans to...
with theKhitans and helped them in their war against Balhae. Afterwards, warriors from Silla were rewarded by theKhitan ruler. In 926, theKhitans laid...
tribal peoples to the north. The city's stature grew from the 10th century with successive invasions of China proper by theKhitans, Jurchens, and Mongols...
northern empires such as the Liao (Khitans) and Jin (Jurchens). It also attacked the Mongol–Yuan dynasty and reclaimed territories as the Yuan declined. This...
(northeast China 东北), are also descendants oftheKhitans.[citation needed] The first Jin capital, Shangjing, located on the Ashi River within modern Harbin, was...
marched to eliminate the threat posed by Kara Khitans and faced them in the vicinity of Samarkand at the Battle of Qatwan. He suffered his first defeat in his...
soldiers. Later the Mongols entered Goryeo while pursuing enemy Khitans. In 1211, theKhitan prince Yelü Liuge who had been serving the Jin as a military...
given for the Kara-Khitan forces, ranging from 20,000 to 300,000, and 700,000, while the Seljuk forces numbered 100,000. The Kara-Khitans were also said...
The early historyof Siberia was greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations ofthe Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west ofthe Ural Mountains...
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