History of Beijing information

Historical Names of Beijing
Year	Name	Dynasty	Notes
c. 11th century BC	City of Ji 蓟城	State of Ji (Zhou dynasty)	^{[Note 1]}
c. 7th century BC		State of Yan (Zhou dynasty, Warring States)
221 BC		Qin	^{[Note 2]}
206 BC		State of Yan	^{[Note 3]}
202 BC		Han
106 BC - 318 AD	City of Ji Youzhou 幽州	Han, Wei, Western Jin (晋)	^{[Note 4]}
319		Later Zhao	^{[Note 5]}
350		Eastern Jin (晋)	^{[Note 6]}
352–57		Former Yan	^{[Note 7]}
370		Former Qin	^{[Note 8]}
385		Later Yan	^{[Note 9]}
397		Northern Dynasties	^{[Note 10]}
607	City of Ji	Sui	^{[Note 11]}
616	Youzhou	Tang	^{[Note 12]}
742	Fanyang 范阳 Youzhou
759	Yanjing 燕京
765	Youzhou
907		Later Liang
911-13		Yan (Five Dynasties)
913		Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin (后晋)
938	Nanjing 南京	Liao	^{[Note 13]}
1122	Nanjing 南京	Northern Liao
Yanjing	Jin (金)
Yanjing	1122
1123	Yanshan 燕山	Song
1125	Yanjing	Jin (金)
1151	Zhongdu 中都	Jin (金)	^{[Note 14]}
1215	Yanjing	Yuan
1271	Dadu (Khanbaliq) 大都	Yuan
1368	Beiping 北平	Ming	^{[Note 15]}
1403	Beijing 北京
1420
1644		Qing
1912		Republic of China
1928	Beiping
1937–40	Beijing		^{[Note 16]}
1945	Beiping		^{[Note 16]}
1949–present	Beijing	People's Republic of China
Capital of polity

The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years.^[11]^[12]

Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. It was a provincial center in the earliest unified empires of China, Qin and Han. The northern border of ancient China ran close to the present city of Beijing, and northern nomadic tribes frequently broke in from across the border. Thus, the area that was to become Beijing emerged as an important strategic and a local political centre.^[13] During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin. When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time. From 1279 onward, with the exception of two interludes from 1368 to 1420 and 1928 to 1949, Beijing would remain as China's capital, serving as the seat of power for the Ming dynasty (1421–1644), the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the early Republic of China (1912–1928) and now the People's Republic of China (1949–present).

Cite error: There are <ref group=Note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=Note}} template (see the help page).

^ "Ji, a Northern City of Military Importance in the Qin Dynasty" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2012-08-25 at the Wayback Machine 2006-07-19
^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-秦王朝北方的燕蓟重镇" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-17
^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-东汉时期的幽州蓟城" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01
^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01
^ (Chinese) "北京城市行政区划述略" 《北京地方志》 Archived 2022-02-18 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-19
^ (Chinese) 郗志群, 歷史北京 p. 36
^ (Chinese) 北魏太和造像 Archived 2022-02-18 at the Wayback Machine 2009-01-11
^ (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-隋朝统治下的北京" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01
^ (Chinese) 试论北京唐代墓志的地方特色" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01
^ (Chinese) "北半部中国的政治中心-金中都的建立" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01
^ Steve Luck (1998-10-22). Oxford's American Desk Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press US. p. 89. ISBN 0-19-521465-X. A settlement since c. 1000 BC, Beijing served as China's capital from 1421 to 1911.
^ Ashok K. Dutt (1994). The Asian city: processes of development, characteristics, and planning. Springer. p. 41. ISBN 0-7923-3135-4. Beijing is the quintessential example of traditional Chinese city. Beijing's earliest period of recorded settlement dates back to about 1045 BC.
^ "The Britannica Guide to Modern China: A Comprehensive Introduction to the World's New Economic Giant". Britannica.

[2] "Ji, a Northern City of Military Importance in the Qin Dynasty" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2012-08-25 at the Wayback Machine 2006-07-19

[3] (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-秦王朝北方的燕蓟重镇" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-17

[BJWW-EasternHan-6] (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-东汉时期的幽州蓟城" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01

[BJWW-WeiKingdom-7] (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-民族大融合的魏晋十六国北朝时期" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01

[Difangzhi-11] (Chinese) "北京城市行政区划述略" 《北京地方志》 Archived 2022-02-18 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-12-19

[14] (Chinese) 郗志群, 歷史北京 p. 36

[16] (Chinese) 北魏太和造像 Archived 2022-02-18 at the Wayback Machine 2009-01-11

[BJWW-Sui-18] (Chinese)"北方军事重镇-汉唐经略东北的基地-隋朝统治下的北京" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01

[BJWW-Tang-20] (Chinese) 试论北京唐代墓志的地方特色" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01

[23] (Chinese) "北半部中国的政治中心-金中都的建立" Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine 2005-09-01

[27] Steve Luck (1998-10-22). Oxford's American Desk Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press US. p. 89. ISBN 0-19-521465-X. A settlement since c. 1000 BC, Beijing served as China's capital from 1421 to 1911.

[28] Ashok K. Dutt (1994). The Asian city: processes of development, characteristics, and planning. Springer. p. 41. ISBN 0-7923-3135-4. Beijing is the quintessential example of traditional Chinese city. Beijing's earliest period of recorded settlement dates back to about 1045 BC.

[29] "The Britannica Guide to Modern China: A Comprehensive Introduction to the World's New Economic Giant". Britannica.

History of Beijing information

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