Balhae (Korean: 발해; Korean pronunciation:[pa̠ɽɦɛ̝], Chinese: 渤海; pinyin: Bóhǎi, Russian: Бохай, romanized: Bokhay, Manchu: ᡦᡠᡥᠠᡳ) or Jin (Korean: 진국; Hanja: 震國; Korean pronunciation:[ʤɪn]), also rendered as Bohai,[7] was a multi-ethnic kingdom established in 698 by Dae Joyeong (Da Zuorong) and originally known as the Kingdom of Jin (震, Zhen) until 713 when its name was changed to Balhae. At its greatest extent it corresponded to what is today Northeast China, the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and the southeastern Russian Far East.[8]
Balhae's early history involved a rocky relationship with the Tang dynasty that saw military and political conflict, but by the end of the 8th century the relationship had become cordial and friendly. The Tang dynasty would eventually recognize Balhae as the "Prosperous Country of the East".[9][10][11] Numerous cultural and political exchanges were made. Balhae was conquered by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in 926. Balhae survived as a distinct population group for another three centuries in the Liao and Jin dynasties before disappearing under Mongol rule.
The history surrounding the origin of the state, its ethnic composition, the modern cultural affiliation of the ruling dynasty, the reading of their names, and its borders are the subject of a historiographical dispute between Korea, China and Russia. Historical sources from both China and Korea have described Balhae's founder, Dae Joyeong, as related to the Mohe people and Goguryeo.
^동북아역사재단 편 (Northeast Asian History Foundation) (2007). 새롭게 본 발해사. 동북아역사재단. p. 62. ISBN 978-89-6187-003-0.
^"渤海の遼東地域の領有問題をめぐって : 拂涅・越 喜・鉄利等靺鞨の故地と関連して" (PDF). Kyushu University Institutional Repository. 2003.
^Kradin Nikolai Nikolaevich (2018). "Динамика урбанизационных процессов в средневековых государствах Дальнего Востока" [Dynamics of urbanization processes in the medieval states of the Far East]. Siberian historical research. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
^Stoyakin Maxim Aleksandrovich (2012). Культовая архитектура Бохайского времени в северной части Кореского Полуострова [Religious cult architecture of the Bohai time in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula]. BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE OF PARHAE (BOHAI) LOCATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KOREAN PENINSULA (in Russian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
^古畑徹 (2017). 渤海国とは何か 歴史文化ライブラリー (in Japanese). 吉川弘文館. ISBN 978-4642058582.
^"Буддийская культовая архитектура бохайского времени в северной части корейского полуострова".
^Crossley 1997, p. 18.
^정석배 JUNG Suk-bae (2016). "발해의 북방경계에 대한 일고찰 (Study on northern borders of Balhae)". 고구려발해연구 The Koguryo Balhae Yongu (in Korean). 54. 고구려발해학회 Association of Koguryo Balhae: 88.
^Cite error: The named reference OwenMiller was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^渤海／海東の盛国 (in Japanese).
^Lee, Ki-baik (1988). A New History of Korea. Edward W. Wagner, Edward J. Schultz. Cambridge. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-674-25526-5. OCLC 1203951892.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
The Balhae controversies involve disputes between China, Korea, Japan, and Russia, countries that have conducted studies on the historical state of Balhae...
(Korean: 고왕; Hanja: 高王; [ko.waŋ]; Chinese: Gao), established the state of Balhae, reigning from 699 to 719. Dae Joyeong was the first son of general Dae...
10th king of the kingdom of Balhae. He restored national strength, and is remembered today as the last of the great Balhae rulers before its fall. Dae...
King Mu (Korean: 무왕; Hanja: 武王) (r. 719–737), was the second king of the Balhae. He is noted for the military expansion of his domain. Dae Mu-ye was the...
of Goguryeo when the last crown prince of Balhae and much of its ruling class fled to Goryeo after Balhae's fall. Goryeo whose name developed into the...
period (698–926 CE) is the period in Korean history when Unified Silla and Balhae coexisted in the south and north of the peninsula, respectively. The Northern...
but also incorporated much of the ruling class of the northern kingdom of Balhae, who had origins in Goguryeo of the earlier Three Kingdoms of Korea. The...
Later Balhae or Later Bohai (927–935) was a state hypothesized to have existed in Manchuria. It emerged after Balhae (Bohai) was destroyed by the Liao...
from Balhae have survived, and the Liao left no histories of Balhae. Goryeo absorbed some Balhae territory, welcomed between 100,000 to 200,000 Balhae refugees...
filmed in China, the film follows the exploits of the last prince of the Balhae Kingdom, who hides his identity in a small village until he is called to...
Dae Inseon (r. 906–926) was the last king of Balhae, a kingdom in northeast Asia occupying parts of Manchuria, northern Korea, and the Russian Far East...
Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392)...
The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the...
Balhae (698–926) or Bohai was a mixed ethnic Goguryeo–Mohe kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast...
lacking in the later years of Silla. After the destruction of Balhae by the Khitans in 926, Balhae's last crown prince and much of its ruling class sought refuge...
Mun of Balhae (r. 737–793), also known as Dae Heum-mu, was the third and longest-reigning ruler of the Balhae. He succeeded his father King Mu, upon his...
Balhaego or the Reflections on Balhae is a history book about the Balhae civilization, written by Yu Deuk-gong, who was a Silhak (practical studies) scholar...
fall, its territory was divided between the Tang dynasty, Later Silla and Balhae. The name Goryeo, alternatively spelled Koryŏ, a shortened form of Goguryeo...
Tang dynasty and Balhae (Bohai). Although Lesser Goguryeo declared itself an independent kingdom, it was soon absorbed into Balhae. In 699, the Tang...
in the kingdom of Balhae in northeast Asia, which lasted from the late 7th century to early 10th century. After the fall of Balhae, few historical traces...
population history Eurasia Albania Dealbanisation Austria Habsburg Myth Balhae Belarus Litvinism Bulgaria Byzantine Empire [de] Early [ru] Croatia Europe...
Hui of Balhae (died 817) (r. 812?–817) was the eighth king of Balhae. He was the son of King Gang, and the younger brother of King Jeong. He actively...
conquer the most part of Goguryeo and Balhae still existed after the establishment of "Unified Silla"; Balhae also occupied territory north of the Korean...
Seong of Balhae, (died 794), sometimes called by his birth-name Dae Hwa-yeo, was the 5th ruler of the Balhae. He was the grandson of King Mun, his father...
kingdom on the Jeju Island. Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast...
tombs on the mountain, which was the graveyard of the royal family of the Balhae kingdom. The tombs were excavated by Yanbian University, Jilin Provincial...
Dongmo Mountain — first capital of Balhae Junggyeong — second capital of Balhae Sanggyeong — third capital of Balhae Later Three Kingdoms: Gyeongju — capital...
Global Information![The territory of Balhae in 830, during the reign of King Seon (Xuan) of Balhae.[1][2]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balhae-Territory_in_830.JPG/250px-Balhae-Territory_in_830.JPG)
