History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period information
History of Jerusalem from Muslim to Crusader conquest
The history of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period covers the period between the capture of the city from the Byzantines by the Arab Muslim armies of the nascent Caliphate in 637–638 CE, and its conquest by the European Catholic armies of the First Crusade in 1099. Throughout this period, Jerusalem remained a largely Christian city with smaller Muslim and Jewish communities. It was successively part of several Muslim states, beginning with the Rashidun caliphs of Medina, the Umayyads of Syria, the Abbasids of Baghdad and their nominal Turkish vassals in Egypt, and the Fatimid caliphs of Cairo, who struggled over it with the Turkic Seljuks and different other regional powers, only to finally lose it to the Crusaders.
The second caliph, Umar (r. 634–644), secured Muslim control of the city from the Patriarch of Jerusalem. During his rule Muslim prayer was likely established on the Temple Mount and limited numbers of Jews were allowed to reside in the city after a several centuries-long ban by the Romans/Byzantines. Beginning with Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), the early Umayyad caliphs devoted special attention to the city as a result of its sanctity and several obtained their oaths of allegiance there. The Umayyads Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) and al-Walid I (r. 705–715) invested considerably in constructing Muslim edifices on the Temple Mount, namely the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque, as well other religious and administrative structures, gates, and roadworks. Their successor Sulayman (r. 715–717) likely resided in Jerusalem at the beginning of his reign, but his founding of the nearby city of Ramla came at the political and economic expense of Jerusalem in the long term.
Part of a series on
Jerusalem
History
Timeline
City of David
Second Temple Period
Aelia Capitolina
Middle Ages
Early Muslim period
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Mutasarrifate
British Mandate
Israeli takeover of West Jerusalem
Jordanian annexation of East Jerusalem
Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem
Sieges
Before Common Era
701 BCE
597 BCE
587 BCE
63 BCE
37 BCE
Common Era
70
614
637
1099
1187
1244
1834
1917
1948
Places
East
West
Old City
Temple Mount/Al-Aqsa
Dome of the Rock
Al-Aqsa Mosque
Western Wall
Synagogues
Mosques
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Hebrew University
Knesset
Biblical Zoo
Tomb of Lazarus
Al-Quds University
People
Demographic history
Mayor
Chief Rabbi
Grand Mufti
Greek Orthodox Patriarch
Crusader kings
Political status
Religious significance
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Jerusalem Law
Jerusalem Day
Quds Day
Judaization
Islamization
US recognition
Other topics
Names
Emblem
Municipality
Greater Jerusalem
City Line
Transport
Songs
Historical maps
v
t
e
and 26 Related for: History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period information
During its long history, Jerusalem has been attacked 52 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, besieged 23 times, and destroyed twice. The oldest part...
TheHistoryofJerusalemduringthe Kingdom ofJerusalem began with the capture ofthe city by the Latin Christian forces at the apogee ofthe First Crusade...
significant Muslim presence. The foundation for Jerusalem's Islamization was laid by theMuslim conquest ofthe Levant, and began shortly after the city was...
"From Aelia To Al-Quds: The Names Of Islamic Jerusalem In TheEarlyMuslimPeriod", 2011. Retrieved on 16 June 2019. See 'JERUSALEM', Engraved by Lodge in...
such as theJerusalem District. These estimates suggest that since the end ofthe Crusades, Muslims formed the largest group in Jerusalem until the mid-19th...
decline. Muslim rule was interrupted for a periodof about 200 years by the Crusades and the establishment ofthe Christian Kingdom ofJerusalem. At the tail...
timeline of major events in thehistoryofJerusalem; a city that had been fought over sixteen times in its history. During its long history, Jerusalem has...
East Jerusalem. In a tradition that may have begun with an 1840s British map ofthe city, the Old City is divided into four uneven quarters: theMuslim Quarter...
Baldwin IV ofJerusalem (Latin: Balduinus, French: Baudouin) (1161–1185), known as the Leper King, was the king ofJerusalem, from 1174 until his death...
managed to secure the defection ofthe powerful Abu Ghosh clan ofJerusalem's hinterland from the rebel forces. Duringthe truce period, numerous religious...
shepherds. Duringthe Canaanite period (14th century BCE), Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem"...
"dhimmis." Under Muslim Rule, the Christian and Jewish population ofJerusalem in this period enjoyed the usual tolerance given to non-Muslim monotheists....
The Kingdom ofJerusalem, also known as the Latin Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade...
Levy-Rubin, Milka (2006). "The Influence oftheMuslim Conquest on the Settlement Pattern of Palestine duringtheEarlyMuslimPeriod / הכיבוש כמעצב מפת היישוב...
Pattern of Palestine duringtheEarlyMuslimPeriod / הכיבוש כמעצב מפת היישוב של ארץ-ישראל בתקופה המוסלמית הקדומה". Cathedra: For theHistoryof Eretz Israel...
TheJerusalem cross (also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting of a large...
Jewish majority in theearly Roman period to a Christian majority in Late Roman and Byzantine times. TheMuslim conquest ofthe Levant in the 7th century initiated...
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple...
Lakhmids. During the Roman period, beginning after the fall ofJerusalem in the year 70, the entire region (Judea, Samaria, and the Galilee) was renamed Palaestina...
controversy on the essential nature of Jesus and his volitional acts. He is also renowned for negotiation of surrender ofJerusalem to theMuslim caliph Umar...
The status ofJerusalem has been described as "one ofthe most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict" due to the long-running territorial...