Kingdom of Jerusalem information

Kingdom of Jerusalem
*Regnum Hierosolymitanum* (Latin)
*Roiaume de Jherusalem* (Old French)
Kingdom of Jerusalem Regnum Hierosolymitanum (Latin); Roiaume de Jherusalem (Old French);
1099–1187; 1192–1291
	Royal banner Royal arms
	The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the other Crusader states in the context of the Near East in 1135.
Capital	Jerusalem (1099–1187, 1229–1244); Tyre (1187–1191); Acre (1191–1229, 1244–1291);
Official languages	Latin
Common languages	Old French; Medieval Latin; Italian; Arabic; Medieval Greek; Western Aramaic; Hebrew; Syriac;
Religion	Roman Catholicism (official); Greek Orthodoxy; Syriac Orthodoxy; Islam; Judaism; Samaritanism; Druze faith; Maronites;
Government	Feudal monarchy
King of Jerusalem
• 1099–1100 (first)	Godfrey of Bouillon
• 1285–1291 (last)	Henry II
Legislature	Haute Cour
Historical era	High Middle Ages
• First Crusade	1096–1099
• Capture of Jerusalem	15 July 1099
• 1st Fall of Jerusalem	2 October 1187
• Third Crusade	1189–1192
• Sixth Crusade	1228–1229
• Barons' Crusade	1239–1241
• 2nd Fall of Jerusalem	15 July 1244
• Fall of Acre	18 May 1291
Population
• 1131	250,000
• 1180	480,000–650,000
Currency	Bezant
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Jund Filastin
	Jund al-Urdunn
Ayyubid dynasty

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Latin Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost two hundred years, from the accession of Godfrey of Bouillon in 1099 until the fall of Acre in 1291. Its history is divided into two periods with a brief interruption in its existence, beginning with its collapse after the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its restoration after the Third Crusade in 1192.

The original Kingdom of Jerusalem lasted from 1099 to 1187 before being almost entirely overrun by the Ayyubid Sultanate under Saladin. Following the Third Crusade, it was re-established in Acre in 1192. The re-established state is commonly known as the "Second Kingdom of Jerusalem" or alternatively as the "Kingdom of Acre" after its new capital city. Acre remained the capital for the rest of its existence excluding the two decades that followed the Crusaders' establishment of partial control over Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade, through the diplomacy of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen vis-à-vis the Ayyubids.

The vast majority of the Crusaders who established and settled the Kingdom of Jerusalem were from the Kingdom of France, as were the knights and soldiers who made up the bulk of the steady flow of reinforcements throughout the two-hundred-year span of its existence; its rulers and elite were therefore predominantly French.^[4] French Crusaders also brought their language to the Levant, thus establishing Old French as the lingua franca of the Crusader states, in which Latin served as the official language. While the majority of the population in the countryside comprised Christians and Muslims from local Levantine ethnicities, many Europeans (primarily French and Italian) also arrived to settle in villages across the region.

^ including 120,000–140,000 Franks
^ Frank McLynn, Richard and John: Kings at War chapter 5, page 118.
^ William Harris, "Lebanon: A History, 600–2011," Oxford University Press, p. 51
^ Arteaga, Deborah L. (2 November 2012). Research on Old French: The State of the Art. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 206. ISBN 9789400747685.

[1] uding 120,000–140,000 Franks

[2] Frank McLynn, Richard and John: Kings at War chapter 5, page 118.

[3] William Harris, "Lebanon: A History, 600–2011," Oxford University Press, p. 51

[4] Arteaga, Deborah L. (2 November 2012). Research on Old French: The State of the Art. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 206. ISBN 9789400747685.

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