The Andean mountain range in western South America.....
The history of human habitation in the Andean region of South America stretches from circa 15,000 BCE to the present day. Stretching for 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, the region encompasses mountainous, tropical and desert environments. This colonisation and habitation of the region has been affected by its unique geography and climate, leading to the development of unique cultural and socn.
After the first humans — who were then arranged into hunter-gatherer tribal groups — arrived in South America via the Isthmus of Panama, they spread out across the continent, with the earliest evidence for settlement in the Andean region dating to circa 15,000 BCE, in what archaeologists call the Lithic Period. In the ensuing Andean preceramic period, plants began to be widely cultivated, and first complex society, Caral-Supe civilization, emerged at 3500 BC, and lasted until 1800 BC. Also, distinct religious centres emerged, such as the Kotosh Religious Tradition in the highlands.
This was followed by the Ceramic Period. Various complex societies developed at this time, such as Chavín culture, lasting from 900 BC to 200 BC, Paracas culture, lasting from 800 BC to 200 BC, its successor Nazca culture, lasting from 200 BC to 800, the Moche civilisation, lasting from 100 to 700, Wari and Tiwanaku Empires, with both lasting from 600 to 1000, and Chimor, lasting from 900 to 1470. In later periods, much of the Andean region was conquered by the indigenous Incas, who in 1438 founded the largest empire that the Americas had ever seen, named Tahuantinsuyu, but usually called Inca Empire. The Inca governed their empire from the capital city of Cuzco, administering it along traditional Andean lines. Inca Empire rose from Kingdom of Cuzco, founded around 1230.
In the 16th century, Spanish colonisers from Europe arrived in the Andes, eventually subjugating the indigenous kingdoms and incorporating the Andean region into the Spanish Empire. In the 19th century, a rising tide of anti-imperialist nationalism that was sweeping all of South America led rebel armies to overthrow Spanish rule.
The Andean region was subsequently divided into a number of new states, Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador.
The 20th century saw the growing influence of the United States in the region, which was increasingly exploited for its natural gas supplies. This in turn led to the rise of a number of anti-imperialist and socialist movements to oppose U.S. and multinational involvement in Andean South America.
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The historyof human habitation in the Andean region ofSouthAmerica stretches from circa 15,000 BCE to the present day. Stretching for 7,000 km (4,300 mi)...
Andean music is a group of styles of music from the Andes region in SouthAmerica. Original chants and melodies come from the general area inhabited by...
Andean Community (Spanish: Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a free trade area with the objective of creating a customs union comprising the SouthAmerican countries...
The Andean civilizations were SouthAmerican complex societies of many indigenous people. They stretched down the spine of the Andes for 4,000 km (2,500 mi)...
range. The Andean orogen has a series of bends or oroclines. The Bolivian Orocline is a seaward concave bending in the coast ofSouthAmerica and the Andes...
The southAndean deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus), also known as the southern guemal, southAndean huemul, southern huemul, or Chilean huemul or güemul (/ˈweɪmuːl/...
The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a SouthAmerican New World vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur. It is found in the Andes mountains...
The Andean preceramic refers to the early period of human occupation in the Andean area ofSouthAmerica that preceded the introduction of ceramics. This...
The SouthAmerican cougar (Puma concolor concolor), also known as the Andean mountain lion or puma, is a cougar subspecies occurring in northern and western...
tectonic blocks and the rest ofSouthAmerica. Long before the Andean orogeny the northern half of Peru was subject of the accretion of terranes in the Neoproterozoic...
domesticated by various peoples in Mesoamerica and SouthAmerica to be used for poultry. In the Andean region, indigenous peoples domesticated llamas and...
of the continent's population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among four subregions: the Andean states, Caribbean SouthAmerica,...
major trade blocks: Mercosur and the Andean Community. Brazil is the largest economy in SouthAmerica in terms of Nominal GDP, it has a vast and diverse...
The Indigenous peoples ofSouthAmerica or SouthAmerican Indigenous peoples, are the pre-Columbian peoples ofSouthAmerica and their descendants. These...
The Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) is a species of flamingo native to the Andes mountains ofSouthAmerica. Until 2014, it was classified in...
1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western SouthAmerica, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation...
and Mazatec. Andean cultures include Inca, Caral-Supe, Wari, Tiwanaku, Chimor, Moche, Muisca, Chavin, Paracas and Nazca. After the voyages of Christopher...
spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the SouthAmerican bear, Andean bear, Andean short-faced bear or mountain bear and locally as jukumari...
Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas is an art form with at least a 7500-year history in the Americas. Pottery is fired ceramics with clay as...
the region of modern-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia between 8000 and 5000 BC. Cultivation of potatoes in SouthAmerica may go back...
northern South America; lagomorphs are absent from most ofSouthAmerica's southern cone. Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Sylvilagus Andean cottontail...
also known as culpeo zorro, Andean zorro, Andean fox, Paramo wolf, Andean wolf, and colpeo fox, is a species ofSouthAmerican fox. Despite the name, it...
The SouthAmerican Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent ofSouthAmerica as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed...
The Andean Parliament is the governing and deliberative body of the Andean Community, conformed by representatives of its four member states Bolivia,...
throughout Hispanic America show particularly strong similarities to Atlantic-Andalusian speech patterns while inland regions in Mexico and Andean countries are...
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