This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Renal cell carcinoma" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(April 2021)
Medical condition
Renal cell carcinoma
Micrograph of the most common type of renal cell carcinoma (clear cell)—on right of the image; non-tumour kidney is on the left of the image. Nephrectomy specimen. H&E stain
Specialty
Oncology
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases.[1] It is more common in men (with a male-to-female ratio of up to 2:1).[2] It is most commonly diagnosed in the elderly (especially in people over 75 years of age).[3]
Initial treatment is most commonly either partial or complete removal of the affected kidney(s).[4] Where the cancer has not metastasised (spread to other organs) or burrowed deeper into the tissues of the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 65–90%,[5] but this is lowered considerably when the cancer has spread.
The body is remarkably good at hiding the symptoms and as a result people with RCC often have advanced disease by the time it is discovered.[6] The initial symptoms of RCC often include blood in the urine (occurring in 40% of affected persons at the time they first seek medical attention), flank pain (40%), a mass in the abdomen or flank (25%), weight loss (33%), fever (20%), high blood pressure (20%), night sweats and generally feeling unwell.[1] When RCC metastasises, it most commonly spreads to the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, brain or bones.[7] Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have improved the outlook for metastatic RCC.[8][9]
RCC is also associated with a number of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) which are conditions caused by either the hormones produced by the tumour or by the body's attack on the tumour and are present in about 20% of those with RCC.[1] These syndromes most commonly affect tissues which have not been invaded by the cancer.[1] The most common PNSs seen in people with RCC are: high blood calcium levels, high red blood cell count, high platelet count and secondary amyloidosis.[7]
^ abcdCurti, B; Jana, BRP; Javeed, M; Makhoul, I; Sachdeva, K; Hu, W; Perry, M; Talavera, F (26 February 2014). Harris, JE (ed.). "Renal Cell Carcinoma". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
^"EAU Guidelines: Renal Cell Carcinoma – limited update March 2023" (PDF). European Association of Urology. 2023. ISBN 978-94-92671-19-6.
^Znaor A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, Jemal A, Bray F (March 2015). "International variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality". European Urology. 67 (3): 519–30. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.10.002. PMID 25449206.
^"Kidney cancer". nhs.uk. 2017-10-23. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^Fausto, V; Abbas, A; Fausto, N (2004). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of disease (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-0721601878.
^ abCite error: The named reference MM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Singer, Eric A.; Gupta, Gopal N.; Marchalik, Daniel; Srinivasan, Ramaprasad (2013). "Evolving therapeutic targets in renal cell carcinoma". Current Opinion in Oncology. 25 (3): 273–80. doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32835fc857. PMID 23455028. S2CID 11526724.
^Syn, Nicholas L; Teng, Michele W L; Mok, Tony S K; Soo, Ross A (2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet Oncology. 18 (12): e731–e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.
and 22 Related for: Renal cell carcinoma information
Renalcellcarcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney...
frequently incidentally diagnosed on medical imaging. More than 60% of renalcellcarcinoma (the most common type of kidney cancer), are diagnosed incidentally...
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer...
Papillary renalcellcarcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises...
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renalcellcarcinoma (HLRCC) or Reed's syndrome is rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with benign smooth muscle...
are almost always used when renal function drops below 15%. Nephrectomy is frequently used to cure renalcellcarcinoma. Renal physiology is the study of...
(RTK) inhibitor that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renalcellcarcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)...
in clinical trials with renalcellcarcinoma (RCC) and several other tumour types. It was approved to treat renalcellcarcinoma by the U.S. Food and Drug...
main differential diagnosis of renal oncocytoma is chromophobe renalcellcarcinoma oncocytic variant, which like the renal oncocytoma has eosinophilic cytoplasm...
kidney are transitional cellcarcinoma and squamous cellcarcinoma, which arise from the urothelium and are found the renal sinus, as well as adenocarcinoma...
Tubulocystic renalcellcarcinoma is rare subtype of renalcellcarcinoma. Alison, M. (2007). The cancer handbook. The Cancer Handbook. John Wiley & Sons...
While renalcellcarcinoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers, chromophobe renal cancer only accounts for five percent of renal cancer cases...
Sarcomatoid carcinoma, sometimes referred to as pleomorphic carcinoma, is a relatively uncommon form of cancer whose malignant cells have histological...
of primary kidney cancer (advanced renalcellcarcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), FLT3-ITD positive AML and radioactive...
Clear cell papillary renalcellcarcinoma (CCPRCC) is a rare subtype of renalcellcarcinoma (RCC) that has microscopic morphologic features of papillary...
cellrenalcellcarcinoma (ccRCC). Loss of function mutations in PBRM1 often co-occur with loss of function mutations in the VHL gene in clear cell renal...
Signet ring cellcarcinoma (SRCC) is a rare form of highly malignant adenocarcinoma that produces mucin. It is an epithelial malignancy characterized by...
of malignant melanoma and renalcellcarcinoma. In normal physiology it promotes both effector T cells and T-regulatory cells, but its exact mechanism...
medication used to treat medullary thyroid cancer, renalcellcarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a small molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine...
Global Information
