Health effects of electronic cigarettes information
Overview of the safety of electronic cigarettes
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The use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) carries health risks.[1][2] The risk depends on the fluid and varies according to design and user behavior.[notes 1][4] In the United Kingdom, vaping is considered by some to be around 95% less harmful than tobacco after a controversial landmark review by Public Health England.[5]
E-cigarettes reduce lung function, reduce cardiac muscle function, and increase inflammation.[6][7] Traditional cigarettes have a higher damage record than vaping. The deadly 2019–20 vaping lung illness outbreak in North America was strongly linked to vitamin E acetate in THC-containing vaping liquid.[8] Nicotine vaping produces more carcinogens and toxic substances than a medically approved nicotine inhaler.[9]
There are also risks from misuse or accidents.[10] Such accidents can be through nicotine poisoning (especially among small children[11]),[12] contact with liquid nicotine,[13] and fires caused by vaporizer malfunction.[3]
^"Electronic Cigarettes". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7 September 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^"Electronic nicotine delivery systems" (PDF). World Health Organization. 21 July 2014. pp. 1–13.
^ abGrana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA (May 2014). "E-cigarettes: a scientific review". Circulation. 129 (19): 1972–1986. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667. PMC 4018182. PMID 24821826.
^Cheng T (May 2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
^"E-cigarettes around 95% less harmful than tobacco estimates landmark review". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
^Darabseh MZ, Selfe J, Morse CI, Degens H (January 2020). "Is vaping better than smoking for cardiorespiratory and muscle function?". Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. 15 (1): 674. doi:10.4081/mrm.2020.674 (inactive 2024-03-29). PMC 7348661. PMID 32670575.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
^Münzel T, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Keaney JF, Deanfield JE, Daiber A (November 2020). "Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes". European Heart Journal. 41 (41): 4057–4070. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460. PMC 7454514. PMID 32585699.
^Health, CDC's Office on Smoking and (2020-11-27). "Smoking and Tobacco Use; Electronic Cigarettes". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
^Drummond MB, Upson D (February 2014). "Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 11 (2): 236–242. doi:10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr. PMC 5469426. PMID 24575993.
^Farsalinos KE, Polosa R (April 2014). "Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review". Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 5 (2): 67–86. doi:10.1177/2042098614524430. PMC 4110871. PMID 25083263.
^Cite error: The named reference Hajek2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Brandon TH, Goniewicz ML, Hanna NH, Hatsukami DK, Herbst RS, Hobin JA, et al. (February 2015). "Electronic nicotine delivery systems: a policy statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology". Clinical Cancer Research. 21 (3): 514–525. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2544. PMID 25573384.
^Durmowicz EL (May 2014). "The impact of electronic cigarettes on the paediatric population". Tobacco Control. 23 Suppl 2 (Supplement 2): ii41–ii46. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051468. PMC 3995262. PMID 24732163.
Cite error: There are <ref group=notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=notes}} template (see the help page).
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