Global InformationHeated tobacco product information
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A heated tobacco product (HTP)[note 1] is a tobacco product that heats the tobacco at a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[32] These products contain nicotine, which is a highly addictive chemical.[32] The heat generates an aerosol or smoke to be inhaled from the tobacco, which contains nicotine[33] and other chemicals.[17][32] HTPs may also contain additives not found in tobacco,[34] including flavoring chemicals.[32] HTPs generally heat tobacco to temperatures under 600 °C (1100 °F),[32][11][35] a lower temperature than conventional cigarettes.[36]
HTPs use embedded or external heat sources, heated sealed chambers,[37] or product-specific customized cigarettes.[32] Whereas e-cigarettes are electronic devices that vaporize a liquid containing nicotine, HTPs usually use tobacco in leaf or some other solid form, although there are some hybrid products that can use both solid tobacco and e-liquids.[37] There are various types of HTPs. The two most common designs are those that use an electric battery to heat tobacco leaf (e.g., IQOS, glo, Pax) and those that use a carbon ember that is lit and then heats the tobacco (e.g., Eclipse, REVO, TEEPS).[32] There are similar devices that heat cannabis instead of tobacco.[16][38]
A 2016 World Health Organization report did not find any evidence to support claims of lowered risk or health benefits compared to conventional cigarettes.[39] A 2018 Public Health England report includes evidence that indicates HTPs may be safer than traditional cigarettes, but less safe than e-cigarettes.[40] Some HTP aerosols studied were found to contain levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to conventional cigarettes.[3][41] Although heated tobacco products may be less dangerous than cigarette smoking, the UK Committee on Toxicity suggests that it would be better for smokers to completely stop.[41] There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of HTPs on quitting smoking,[36] or possible effects of second-hand exposure.[32] The limited evidence on air emissions from the use of HTPs indicates that toxic exposure from these products is greater than that of e-cigarettes.[42] Smokers have reported HTP use to be less satisfying than smoking a cigarette.[42]
As early as the 1960s, tobacco companies developed alternative tobacco products.[43] HTPs were introduced into the market in 1988, though they were not a commercial success.[35] The global decline in tobacco consumption may be one reason the industry has invented and marketed new products such as HTPs.[43] The latest generation of heated tobacco products may be an industry attempt to appeal with governments and health advocates by presenting a potential (but unproven) "harm reduction" product.[43] Current smoking bans may or may not apply to heated tobacco products.[44]
- ^ Leigh, Noel J; Tran, Phillip L; O’Connor, Richard J; Goniewicz, Maciej Lukasz (2018). "Cytotoxic effects of heated tobacco products (HTP) on human bronchial epithelial cells". Tobacco Control. 27 (Suppl 1): s26–s29. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054317. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 6252481. PMID 30185530.
- ^ Kary, Tiffany (18 April 2019). "Philip Morris says it doesn't want you to buy its cigarettes, but will IQOS help it survive?". The Japan Times. Bloomberg News.
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- ^ Kamada, Takahiro; Yamashita, Yosuke; Tomioka, Hiromi (2016). "Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following heat-not-burn cigarette smoking". Respirology Case Reports. 4 (6): e00190. doi:10.1002/rcr2.190. ISSN 2051-3380. PMC 5167280. PMID 28031826.
- ^ Meg Neal (2 January 2015). "What Is a Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette and Can It Help You Quit?". Gizmodo.
- ^ a b c Mallock, Nadja; Böss, Lisa; Burk, Robert; Danziger, Martin; Welsch, Tanja; Hahn, Harald; Trieu, Hai-Linh; Hahn, Jürgen; Pieper, Elke; Henkler-Stephani, Frank; Hutzler, Christoph; Luch, Andreas (2018). "Levels of selected analytes in the emissions of "heat not burn" tobacco products that are relevant to assess human health risks". Archives of Toxicology. 92 (6): 2145–2149. doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2215-y. ISSN 0340-5761. PMC 6002459. PMID 29730817.
- ^ Paumgartten, Francisco J.R. (2018). "A critical appraisal of the harm reduction argument for heat-not-burn tobacco products". Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 42: e161. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2018.161. ISSN 1020-4989. PMC 6386018. PMID 31093189.
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- ^ Craver, Richard (2 August 2015). "Reynolds' decision to stop marketing of heated cigarette Revo illustrates challenges in selling adult smokers on new products". Winston-Salem Journal.
- ^ Jeong, Won Tae; Cho, Hyun Ki; Lee, Hyung Ryeol; Song, Ki Hoon; Lim, Heung Bin (2019). "Comparison of the content of tobacco alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in 'heat-not-burn' tobacco products before and after aerosol generation". Inhalation Toxicology. 30 (13–14): 527–533. doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1572840. ISSN 0895-8378. PMID 30741569. S2CID 73436802.
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- ^ a b "How are Non-Combusted Cigarettes, Sometimes Called Heat-Not-Burn Products, Different from E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes?". United States Food and Drug Administration. 16 May 2019.
- ^ a b RIVM 2016, p. 36.
- ^ McNeill 2018, p. 30.
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This article incorporates text by Sébastien Queloz and Jean-François Etter available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
- ^ Unger, Michael; Unger, Darian W. (2018). "E-cigarettes/electronic nicotine delivery systems: a word of caution on health and new product development". Journal of Thoracic Disease. 10 (S22): S2588–S2592. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.07.99. ISSN 2072-1439. PMC 6178300. PMID 30345095.
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- ^ St.Helen, Gideon; Jacob III, Peyton; Nardone, Natalie; Benowitz, Neal L (November 2018). "IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International's claim of reduced exposure". Tobacco Control. 27 (Suppl 1): s30–s36. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054321. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 6252487. PMID 30158205.
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