Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol information
The chemical composition of the electronic cigarette aerosol varies across and within manufacturers.[notes 1][1] Limited data exists regarding their chemistry.[1] However, researchers at Johns Hopkins University analyzed the vape clouds of popular brands such as Juul and Vuse, and found "nearly 2,000 chemicals, the vast majority of which are unidentified."[2]
The aerosol of e-cigarettes is generated when the e-liquid comes in contact with a coil heated to a temperature of roughly 100–250 °C (212–482 °F) within a chamber, which is thought to cause pyrolysis of the e-liquid and could also lead to decomposition of other liquid ingredients.[notes 2][4] The aerosol (mist[5]) produced by an e-cigarette is commonly but inaccurately called vapor.[notes 3][1] E-cigarettes simulate the action of smoking,[7] but without tobacco combustion.[8] The e-cigarette aerosol looks like cigarette smoke to some extent.[9] E-cigarettes do not produce aerosol between puffs.[10] The e-cigarette aerosol usually contains propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, aroma transporters, and other substances.[notes 4][12] The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavors, and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette aerosols vary greatly.[1] The yield of chemicals found in the e-cigarette aerosol varies depending on, several factors, including the e-liquid contents, puffing rate, and the battery voltage.[notes 5][14]
Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metals.[15] Heavy metals and metal nanoparticles have been found in tiny amounts in the e-cigarette aerosol.[notes 6][15] Once aerosolized, the ingredients in the e-liquid go through chemical reactions that form new compounds not previously found in the liquid.[17] Many chemicals, including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire (heating element) that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacted with the liquid.[18] Propylene glycol-containing liquids produced the most amounts of carbonyls in e-cigarette vapors,[18] while in 2014 most e-cigarettes companies began using water and glycerin instead of propylene glycol for vapor production.[19]
Propylene glycol and glycerin are oxidized to create aldehydes that are also found in cigarette smoke when e-liquids are heated and aerosolized at a voltage higher than 3 V.[1] Depending on the heating temperature, the carcinogens in the e-cigarette aerosol may surpass the levels of cigarette smoke.[17] Reduced voltage e-cigarettes generate very low levels of formaldehyde.[18] A Public Health England (PHE) report found "At normal settings, there was no or negligible formaldehyde release."[20] However, this statement was contradicted by other researchers in a 2018 study. E-cigarettes can emit formaldehyde at high levels (between five and 15 times higher than what is reported for cigarette smoke) at moderate temperatures and under conditions that have been reported to be non-averse to users.[21] As e-cigarette engineering evolves, the later-generation and "hotter" devices could expose users to greater amounts of carcinogens.[6]
^ abcdefCite error: The named reference Cheng2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Johns Hopkins Finds Thousands of Unknown Chemicals in E-Cigarettes". Johns Hopkins. October 8, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference Pisinger2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Rowell2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Bertholon2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Orellana-Barrios2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference EbbertAgunwamba2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Caponnetto2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference PetersonHecht2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference APHA2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Sosnowski, Tomasz R.; Odziomek, Marcin (2018). "Particle Size Dynamics: Toward a Better Understanding of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Interactions With the Respiratory System". Frontiers in Physiology. 9: 853. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00853. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6046408. PMID 30038580. This article incorporates text by Tomasz R. Sosnowski and Marcin Odziomek available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
^Cite error: The named reference Hajek2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference SchickBlount2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference KimKabir2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference FarsalinosPolosa2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ChunMoazed2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Cooke2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcCite error: The named reference Bekki2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Kacker2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^McNeill 2015, p. 77.
^Salamanca, J. C.; Meehan-Atrash, J.; Vreeke, S.; Escobedo, J. O.; Peyton, D. H.; Strongin, R. M. (May 15, 2018). "E-cigarettes can emit formaldehyde at high levels under conditions that have been reported to be non-averse to users". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 7559. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.7559S. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25907-6. PMC 5954153. PMID 29765089.
Cite error: There are <ref group=notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=notes}} template (see the help page).
and 27 Related for: Composition of electronic cigarette aerosol information
The chemical compositionof the electroniccigaretteaerosol varies across and within manufacturers. Limited data exists regarding their chemistry. However...
carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Compositionofelectroniccigaretteaerosol Health effects of tobacco smoking List of additives in cigarettes Talhout, Reinskje;...
The use ofelectroniccigarettes (vaping) carries health risks. The risk depends on the fluid and varies according to design and user behavior. In the...
An electroniccigarette (e-cigarette) or vape is a device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery...
An electroniccigarette is a handheld battery-powered vaporizer that simulates smoking, but without tobacco combustion. E-cigarette components include...
Regulation ofelectroniccigarettes varies across countries and states, ranging from no regulation to banning them entirely. As of 2015[update], around...
List of food additives List ofcigarette smoke carcinogens Health effects of tobacco smoking Tobacco harm reduction Compositionofelectroniccigarette aerosol...
Toluene Volatile organic compounds[which?] Water Compositionofelectroniccigaretteaerosol List of heated tobacco products Pieper, Elke; Mallock, Nadja;...
of tobacco, and levied taxes to discourage cigarette use. In the 21st century, a product called an electroniccigarette (also called an e-cigarette or...
Tobacco smoke is a sooty aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking ofcigarettes and other tobacco products. Temperatures...
contribution which affects the particles chemical composition. The chemical compositionof the aerosol directly affects how it interacts with solar radiation...
makes it a type ofcigarette. However, the tobacco is heated to a lower temperature than a combusted cigarette to create an aerosol that the user inhales...
than conventional cigarettes. These products contain nicotine, which is a highly addictive chemical. The heat generates an aerosol or smoke to be inhaled...
Fast-Flow Tube Study of VOC and Particulate Emissions from Electronic, Potentially Reduced-Harm, Conventional, and Reference Cigarettes". Aerosol Sci Technol....
; Hoeng, Julia; Vanscheeuwijck, Patrick (2017). "Toxicity of the main electroniccigarette components, propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine, in Sprague–Dawley...
nicotine-only products include e-liquid (aerosolized using an e-cigarette or vape), nicotine pouches, and various types of nicotine replacement therapy products...
Iqos (/ˈaɪkoʊs/ EYE-kohs, stylized as IQOS) is a line of heated tobacco and electroniccigarette products manufactured by Philip Morris International (PMI)...
vegetable glycerin, or a mixture of both, are the main ingredients in e-liquid used in electroniccigarettes. They are aerosolized to resemble smoke and serve...
rollers for sliding mechanisms of furnitures Construction: structural glass - pod holder for point Packaging: aerosol cans, vehicle tanks. Pens: used...
type of internal combustion engine, plus any contained particulates. Its composition may vary with the fuel type or rate of consumption, or speed of engine...
Martínez-Sánchez, JM (December 2015). "Particulate Matter from ElectronicCigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes: a Systematic Review and Observational Study". Current...
defined category of recreational drugs which are associated with discothèques in the 1970s and nightclubs, dance clubs, electronic dance music (EDM)...
CH3NO2 Water Carbon tetrachloride Iron Ceramic Flammability of furniture is of concern as cigarettes and candle accidents can trigger domestic fires. In 1975...
occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant, which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the...