A bathtub faucet with built-up calcification from hard water in Southern Arizona.
Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum,[1] which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.
Drinking hard water may have moderate health benefits. It can pose critical problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters.[2] Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water's adverse effects.
^"Hard water". National Groundwater Association. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
^World Health Organization Hardness in Drinking-Water Archived 2021-11-05 at the Wayback Machine, 2003
Hardwater is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hardwater is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone...
up hard in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hard may refer to Hardness, resistance of physical materials to deformation or fracture Hardwater, water with...
in the CPAP machine evaporates the water. It is also possible for brewers to blend distilled water with hardwater to mimic the soft waters of Pilsen...
Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hardwater. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the...
Hard seltzer, adult seltzer, mature seltzer, spiked seltzer and hard sparkling alcohol water is a type of highball drink containing seltzer (carbonated...
alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble in hardwater, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar...
that for hot water. It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surfaces of old pipes and other surfaces where hardwater has flowed. Limescale...
or soda water, as opposed to tap water. The more calcium and magnesium ions that are dissolved in water, the harder it is said to be; water with few...
ingredient in agricultural lime and is produced when calcium ions in hardwater react with carbonate ions to form limescale. It has medical use as a calcium...
a chemical to reduce the surface tension of the water, is used to reduce water spots from hardwater or other reasons. In addition to domestic units,...
which decomposes in water, yielding fluoride ions. Water conditioning: This is a method of reducing the effects of hardwater. In water systems subject to...
humidifiers that boil water, these water droplets will contain any impurities that are in the reservoir, including minerals from hardwater (which then forms...
Magnetic water treatment (also known as anti-scale magnetic treatment or AMT) is a method of supposedly reducing the effects of hardwater by passing...
White Claw Hard Seltzer is an alcoholic seltzer water beverage manufactured by Mark Anthony Group. The beverage was introduced in 2016 and is sold in 12...
concentrated solutions of surfactants and water softeners, which enhance the behavior of surfactant in hardwater. Typical surfactants are alkylbenzene sulfonates...
lending a sweet taste to hardwater, but there are many factors of a perceived taste in water besides mineral contents. Heavy water lacks the characteristic...
result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hardwater. Hardwater contains calcium and magnesium ions, which react with the surfactant...
cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water. Hard-boiled eggs are cooked so that the egg white and egg yolk both solidify...
species named for him. Common names by which the species may be called are hardwater fern - from its stiff leathery fronds, leech fern - as forest workers...
soft water and learned how to treat hardwater when he worked as a start-up engineer for a plant in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a patent in water treatment...
orange-coloured pack. However, it retains a hardwater variant in green-coloured packs to cater for those who live in hardwater areas of the UK. When Safeway was...
generally denoted by the word "water". The solid phase of water is known as ice and commonly takes the structure of hard, amalgamated crystals, such as...
cleaning action of soap, and can form hard sulfate and soft carbonate deposits in water heaters or boilers. Hardwater may be softened to remove these ions...
to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. By chelating the metals in hardwater, it lets these...
hardwater. "finished" water quality – water treated at a municipal water purification plant. See Bacteriological water analysis and Category:Water quality...
Chemicals that inhibit corrosion include some of the salts in hardwater (Roman water systems are known for their mineral deposits), chromates, phosphates...
handle, is an effective scrubbing tool for removal of limescale, rust, hardwater rings, and other stains on porcelain fixtures in households (e.g., bathrooms)...
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