What is the definitive explanation for why this phenomenon occurs?
(more unsolved problems in physics)
In a serving of mixed nuts, the larger Brazil nuts will often end up on the surfaceA demonstration of the Brazil nut effect using a glass jar, a cup of rice, and a stack of coins serving as the intruder initially located at the bottom.
Granular convection is a phenomenon where granular material subjected to shaking or vibration will exhibit circulation patterns similar to types of fluid convection.[1] It is sometimes called the Brazil nut effect,[2] when the largest of irregularly shaped particles end up on the surface of a granular material containing a mixture of variously sized objects.[3] This name derives from the example of a typical container of mixed nuts, in which the largest will be Brazil nuts. The phenomenon is also known as the muesli effect since it is seen in packets of breakfast cereal containing particles of different sizes but similar density, such as muesli mix.
Under experimental conditions, granular convection of variously sized particles has been observed forming convection cells similar to fluid motion.[4][5]
^Granular Convection and Size Separation. The University of Chicago
^Rosato, A.; Strandburg, K.J.; Prinz, F.; Swendsen, R.H. (1987). "Why the Brazil Nuts are on Top". Physical Review Letters. 58 (10): 1038–41. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1038. PMID 10034316.
^Gajjar, Parmesh; Johnson, Chris G.; Carr, James; Chrispeels, Kevin; Gray, J. M. N. T.; Withers, Philip J. (2021-04-19). "Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 8352. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87280-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8055975. PMID 33875682.
^Rietz, Frank; Stannarius, Ralf (2008). "On the brink of jamming: Granular convection in densely filled containers". Physical Review Letters. 100 (7): 078002. arXiv:1706.04978. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100g8002R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.078002. PMID 18352597. S2CID 28054132.
^Baffling Patterns Form in Scientific Sandbox, Wired, Brandon Keim, October 28, 2009
and 24 Related for: Granular convection information
phenomenon occurs? (more unsolved problems in physics) Granularconvection is a phenomenon where granular material subjected to shaking or vibration will exhibit...
significant diffusion of matter can take place. Granularconvection is a similar phenomenon in granular material instead of fluids. Advection is fluid...
List of culinary nuts Official list of endangered flora of Brazil Granularconvection, also known as the "Brazil nut effect" Americas Regional Workshop...
pyroclastic fall deposits. These deposition processes are examples of granularconvection. Graded bedding is a sorting of particles according to clast size...
Granularconvection: why does a granular material subjected to shaking or vibration exhibit circulation patterns similar to types of fluid convection...
heaves. Cryogenic earth hummocks are a small formation resulting from granularconvection that appear in seasonally frozen ground and have many different names;...
A convection zone, convective zone or convective region of a star is a layer which is unstable due to convection. Energy is primarily or partially transported...
a rule that proposed requiring drinking water treatment systems to use granular activated carbon. Because of its high cost, the so-called GAC rule encountered...
dynamics, pattern formation, rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection, two-dimensional turbulence, granular materials, and stratified flows. He is a Fellow of...
principle of inverse segregation (granularconvection). Avalanches, like mixed nuts and breakfast cereal are considered granular materials and behave fluid-like...
virtual memory Granular synthesis of sound Granularity, extent to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable particles Granular material, any...
Recent developments in convective heat transfer. ARS Journal. 29(5): 325-331. Griffith, J. D., & Sabersky, R. H. (1960). Convection in a fluid at supercritical...
Hadean-Archean boundary. Hadean rocks are very rare, largely consisting of granular zircons from one locality (Jack Hills) in Western Australia. Hadean geophysical...
of the effect. Convection, accelerating heat transfers: Reduction of water density below 4 °C (39 °F) tends to suppress the convection currents that cool...
method of addressing engineering problems in granular and discontinuous materials, especially in granular flows, powder mechanics, ice and rock mechanics...
thermal equilibrium, converts pseudo-Brownian motion into work by means of a granular gas, which is a conglomeration of solid particles vibrated with such vigour...
pressure, Cohesive granular materials. Mata founded a research group at the University of Seville: Electrohydrodynamics and Cohesive Granular Media. This group...
layer of the convective zone). The thermal columns of the convection zone form an imprint on the surface of the Sun giving it a granular appearance called...
as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses...
properties in fluid helium, such as Rayleigh–Bénard convection, and since 1986 was involved with granular material, where his most notable achievements were...
gases and liquids, provided other modes of energy transport, such as convection and radiation, are eliminated or accounted for. The preceding derivation...
His present work includes turbulence and two-phase flows, thermal convection, granular flow, micro- and nanofluidics, and the biomedical application of...
Global Information