Brownian ratchet information

In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, the Brownian ratchet or Feynman–Smoluchowski ratchet is an apparent perpetual motion machine of the second kind (converting thermal energy into mechanical work), first analysed in 1912 as a thought experiment by Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski.^[1] It was popularised by American Nobel laureate physicist Richard Feynman in a physics lecture at the California Institute of Technology on May 11, 1962, during his Messenger Lectures series The Character of Physical Law in Cornell University in 1964 and in his text The Feynman Lectures on Physics^[2] as an illustration of the laws of thermodynamics. The simple machine, consisting of a tiny paddle wheel and a ratchet, appears to be an example of a Maxwell's demon, able to extract mechanical work from random fluctuations (heat) in a system at thermal equilibrium, in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. Detailed analysis by Feynman and others showed why it cannot actually do this.

^ M. von Smoluchowski (1912) Experimentell nachweisbare, der Ublichen Thermodynamik widersprechende Molekularphenomene, Phys. Zeitshur. 13, p.1069 cited in Freund, Jan (2000) Stochastic Processes in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Springer, p.59
^ Feynman, Richard (1963). The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 1. Chapter 46. ISBN 978-0-201-02116-5.

[Smoluchowski-1] M. von Smoluchowski (1912) Experimentell nachweisbare, der Ublichen Thermodynamik widersprechende Molekularphenomene, Phys. Zeitshur. 13, p.1069 cited in Freund, Jan (2000) Stochastic Processes in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Springer, p.59

[Feynman-2] Feynman, Richard (1963). The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 1. Chapter 46. ISBN 978-0-201-02116-5.

Brownian ratchet information

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