Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary). Ice growth requires a water supply that delivers water to the freezing front via capillary action in certain soils. The weight of overlying soil restrains vertical growth of the ice and can promote the formation of lens-shaped areas of ice within the soil. Yet the force of one or more growing ice lenses is sufficient to lift a layer of soil, as much as 1 foot (0.30 metres) or more. The soil through which water passes to feed the formation of ice lenses must be sufficiently porous to allow capillary action, yet not so porous as to break capillary continuity. Such soil is referred to as "frost susceptible". The growth of ice lenses continually consumes the rising water at the freezing front.[1][2] Differential frost heaving can crack road surfaces—contributing to springtime pothole formation—and damage building foundations.[3][4] Frost heaves may occur in mechanically refrigerated cold-storage buildings and ice rinks.
Needle ice is essentially frost heaving that occurs at the beginning of the freezing season, before the freezing front has penetrated very far into the soil and there is no soil overburden to lift as a frost heave.[5]
^Taber, Stephen (1929). "Frost Heaving" (PDF). Journal of Geology. 37 (5): 428–461. Bibcode:1929JG.....37..428T. doi:10.1086/623637. S2CID 224836578. Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
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Transports Quebec (2007). "Québec Pavement Story". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
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Widianto; Heilenman, Glenn; Owen, Jerry; Fente, Javier (2009). "Foundation Design for Frost Heave". Cold Regions Engineering 2009: Cold Regions Impacts on Research, Design, and Construction: 599–608. doi:10.1061/41072(359)58. ISBN 9780784410721.
^Beskow, Gunnar (1935). "Soil Heaving and Frost Heaving with Special Application to Roads and Railroads" (PDF). The Swedish Geological Society (30). Translated by Osterberg, J. O. Archived from the original on 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
Frostheaving (or a frostheave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards...
Will Voigt. The team is named for the frostheaving soil displacement known to affect colder climates. The Heaves were formed in 2005, and started playing...
in fracture of bedrock and frost induced heaving of soils, which are fundamental to weathering in cold regions. Frostheaving creates debris and dramatically...
a key role in frost induced heaving of soils and fracture of bedrock, which are fundamental to weathering in cold regions. Frostheaving creates debris...
freezing and thawing. Building codes sometimes take frost depth into account because of frostheaving which can damage buildings by moving their foundations...
with frost in Sweden Black ice Frost (temperature) FrostheavingFrost line Frostbite Ground frost Icing (nautical) Needle ice "What causes frost?". Archived...
The process that creates pingos is believed to be closely related to frostheaving. The base of the pingo tends to reach its maximum diameter in its early...
trees to tilt at various angles. Tilted trees may also be caused by frostheaving, and subsequent palsa development, hummocks, earthflows, forested active...
in which to establish its root system before it is challenged by any frostheaving. In practice, ideals are seldom attained. That stock is normally dormant...
suggested that flarks were formed by frostheaving, but flarks have since been found in areas where frostheaving does not occur. Flarks are now thought...
Hummocks may form as a result of clasts migrating to the surface through frost push and pull mechanisms. As the clasts rise they push up on the ground...
limestone is actually present. Small domes that form on the surface due to frostheaving with the onset of winter are only temporary features. They collapse...
much in blue spruce, frostheaving will cause seedling loss. Shadows in late spring and early autumn minimize this frostheaving loss. Despite the shallow...
loads to create a pothole. In areas subject to freezing and thawing, frostheaving can damage a pavement and create openings for water to enter. In the...
flow of a fluid through a porous medium Frost flower – Thin layer of ice extruded from a plant Frostheaving – Upwards swelling of soil during freezing...
Some states allow load increases on roads during the freezing season. Frostheaving Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program (C-SHRP) (September 2000)...
during initial rock weathering and soil formation, through processes such as frost shattering and haloclasty. This produces silt particles whose size of 10–30...
affect arctic vegetation via soil effects. Melt-freeze cycles causes frostheaving, which heavily disturbs the soil and prevents plant communities from...
posits that frost boils are formed by several interacting mechanisms, including differential frostheaving, load casting, convection, frost cracking, mass...
cycle (drinking bird, injector, Minto wheel) Liquid to solid cycle (frostheaving – water changing from ice to liquid and back again can lift rock up...
drainage of ground water to prevent expansion or weakening of soils and frostheaving. While the far more common concrete foundation requires separate measures...
formed permafrost. The overlying soil layer is gradually lifted up by frostheaving. In cross-section, the ice cores of a palsa show layering, which is...