The hormone of gonadotropins secreted by the anterior hypophyse gland effects on the gonads and play a crucial role in the process of gonadal development and function in vertebrates. In birds and mammals, luteinizinghormone (LH) regulates sex steroid production as well as ovulation, whereas follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation. Since the isolation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hypothalamic decapeptide, from mammalian brain in the early 1970s, several other GnRHs have been identified in the brains of other vertebrates. Based on extensive studies in vertebrates, it was generally believed that GnRH is the only hypothalamic regulator of the release of pituitary gonadotropins. Some neurochemicals and peripheral hormones [e.g.gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), opiates, gonadal sex steroids, inhibin] can modulate gonadotropin release, but GnRH was considered to have no hypothalamic antagonist.[1][2][3]
^Tsutsui K, Bentley GE, Bedecarrats G, Osugi T, Ubuka T, Kriegsfeld LJ (2010). "Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and its control of central and peripheral reproductive function". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 31 (3): 284–95. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.001. PMID 20211640. S2CID 10120758.
^Ubuka T, Son YL, Tobari Y, Tsutsui K (2012). "Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone action in the brain and pituitary". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 3: 148. doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00148. PMC 3515997. PMID 23233850.
^Ubuka T, Son YL, Bentley GE, Millar RP, Tsutsui K (2013). "Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), GnIH receptor and cell signaling". General and Comparative Endocrinology. 190: 10–7. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.030. PMID 23499786.
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placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), as well as at least two forms of fish gonadotropins. These...
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or gonadoliberin) to tell the pituitary to releasegonadotropin. The hypothalamus uses growth hormone–releasing hormone...
axis to increase gonadotropin secretion, which in turn stimulates the ovary to increase androgen production. The heightened gonadotropin levels also upregulate...
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consistently inhibit ovulation in women. Ovulation inhibition is an antigonadotropic effect and is mediated by inhibition of the secretion of the gonadotropins, LH...
Gonadotropin preparations are drugs that mimic the physiological effects of gonadotropins, used therapeutically mainly as fertility medication for ovarian...
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anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In females, an acute rise...
Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Frequently...
of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released from...
vasodilator and an inhibitor of norepinephrine release from postganglionic sympathetic nerves terminals (dopamine can inhibit norepinephrine release by acting...
The gonadotropin receptors are a group of receptors that bind a group of pituitary hormones called gonadotropins. They include the: Follicle-stimulating...
gynecomastia. A high level of prolactin in the blood can inhibit the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and therefore cause secondary hypogonadism....
such as an increase in progesterone and estrogen levels, decrease in gonadotropins such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)...
effect of some drugs. Examples of progonadotropic drugs include gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists when administered in a pulsatile (as opposed...
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