Not to be confused with "gold" varieties of African rice, which have golden-coloured seedcoats, not golden endosperm; or with Yellow rice
Golden rice
Golden rice (back) compared to white rice (front), demonstrating the distinctive golden-yellow colour of the variety
Species
Oryza sativa
Cultivar
Golden rice
Origin
Rockefeller Foundation
Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of the rice.[1][2] It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, a range of eye conditions from night blindness to more severe clinical outcomes such as keratomalacia and corneal scars, and permanent blindness. Additionally, vitamin A deficiency also increases risk of mortality from measles and diarrhea in children. In 2013, the prevalence of deficiency was the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (48%; 25–75), and South Asia (44%; 13–79).[3]
Although golden rice has met significant opposition from environmental and anti-globalisation activists, more than 100 Nobel laureates in 2016 encouraged use of genetically modified golden rice which can produce up to 23 times as much beta-carotene as the original golden rice.[4][5][6] However, on 17 April 2024, after having scrutinised the presented evidence, the Court of Appeals in the Philippines issued a cease-and-desist order on the commercial propagation of two genetically modified crops, golden rice and Bt eggplant, citing a lack of "full scientific certainty" regarding their health and environmental impact. The decision was in response to a petition filed by groups including Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad Agrikultura (Masipag) and Greenpeace Southeast Asia. The court revoked the biosafety permits previously granted by the government to the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) and the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice).[7]
^Kettenburg AJ, Hanspach J, Abson DJ, Fischer J (2018). "From disagreements to dialogue: unpacking the Golden Rice debate". Sustain Sci. 13 (5): 1469–82. doi:10.1007/s11625-018-0577-y. PMC 6132390. PMID 30220919.
^Ye X, Al-Babili S, Klöti A, Zhang J, Lucca P, Beyer P, Potrykus I (January 2000). "Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm". Science. 287 (5451): 303–5. Bibcode:2000Sci...287..303Y. doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.303. PMID 10634784. S2CID 40258379.
^Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, et al. (September 2015). "Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys". Lancet Glob Health. 3 (9): e528–36. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00039-X. hdl:10044/1/48910. PMID 26275329. S2CID 4671055.
^Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S, Howells RM, Kennedy MJ, et al. (April 2005). "Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content". Nat Biotechnol. 23 (4): 482–7. doi:10.1038/nbt1082. PMID 15793573. S2CID 632005.
^Tang G, Qin J, Dolnikowski GG, Russell RM, Grusak MA (June 2009). "Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A". Am J Clin Nutr. 89 (6): 1776–83. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27119. PMC 2682994. PMID 19369372.
^Datta SK, Datta K, Parkhi V, Rai M, Baisakh N, et al. (2007). "Golden rice: introgression, breeding, and field evaluation". Euphytica. 154 (3): 271–78. doi:10.1007/s10681-006-9311-4. S2CID 39594178.
^Bautista, Jane (24 April 2024). "CA stops commercial growing of GMO crops". Inquirer.net.
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destroyed field trials of goldenrice. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation supports IRRI in its development of goldenrice. IRRI's website states that...
contends that GoldenRice is more harmful than beneficial in her explanation of what she calls the "GoldenRice hoax": "Unfortunately, Vitamin A rice is a hoax...
parts of rice. The addition of beta-carotene to the rice is seen as preventive to loss of sight in poverty stricken countries where goldenrice is intended...
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transgenic rice species rich in vitamin A, called goldenrice. Little is known about the impact of goldenrice on xerophthalmia because anti-GMO campaigns have...
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explored. Research on rice began in 1982. The first field trials of goldenrice cultivars were conducted in 2004. The result was "GoldenRice", a variety of...
Peter Beyer, he is one of the co-inventors of goldenrice. In 2014 he was chairman of the GoldenRice Humanitarian Board. Potrykus was born on 5 December...
nutritional requirements. Goldenrice is an example of a GM crop developed for its nutritional value. The latest version of goldenrice contains genes from...
Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified (also called genetic engineering). Rice plants have been modified to increase...
pathogens and herbicides and for better nutrient profiles. The production of goldenrice in 2000 marked a further improvement in the nutritional value of genetically...
explored. Research on rice began in 1982. The first field trials of goldenrice cultivars were conducted in 2004. The result was "GoldenRice", a variety of...
regulatory agencies, and abandon their campaign against 'GMOs' in general and Goldenrice in particular. Scientific and regulatory agencies around the world have...
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Jollof (/dʒəˈlɒf/), or jollof rice, is a rice dish from West Africa. The dish is typically made with long-grain rice, tomatoes, chilies, onions, spices...
rice varieties. BRRI is also collaborating with the Philippine Rice Research Institute and the Indonesian Center for Rice Research to develop golden rice...
commercial activity regarding goldenrice by the Philippine Rice Research Institute. This case was brought by Greenpeace as goldenrice is genetically modified...
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content, giving it a yellow/orange color. The product is referred to as goldenrice (Oryza sativa). Biofortified sweet potato, maize, and cassava were other...
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senescence, modifying flower colour and altering the plants composition. Goldenrice is the most well known GM crop that is aimed at increasing nutrient value...
Carolina Gold rice is a variety of African rice first popularized in South Carolina, USA in the 1780s. It is named for the golden color of its unhulled...
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