In enzymology, glutamate racemase (MurI with a capital i) (EC 5.1.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
L-glutamate D-glutamate
Hence, this enzyme RacE has one substrate, L-glutamate, and one product, D-glutamate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and derivatives, including proline racemase, aspartate racemase, and diaminopimelate epimerase.[1] This enzyme participates in glutamate metabolism that is essential for cell wall biosynthesis in bacteria.[2] Glutamate racemase performs the additional function of gyrase inhibition, preventing gyrase from binding to DNA.[3]
Glutamate racemase (MurI) serves two distinct metabolic functions: primarily, it is a critical enzyme in cell wall biosynthesis,[2] but also plays a role in gyrase inhibition.[3] The ability of glutamate racemase and other proteins to serve two distinct functions is known as "moonlighting".
^Cite error: The named reference Kim_2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abSengupta S, Ghosh S, Nagaraja V (September 2008). "Moonlighting function of glutamate racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: racemization and DNA gyrase inhibition are two independent activities of the enzyme". Microbiology. 154 (Pt 9): 2796–803. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2008/020933-0. PMID 18757813.
In enzymology, glutamateracemase (MurI with a capital i) (EC 5.1.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-glutamate ⇌ {\displaystyle...
specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and amino acid derivatives, including glutamateracemase, proline racemase, and diaminopimelate...
of the bacteria (which produce it from the l form with the enzyme glutamateracemase) and the liver of mammals. Although they occur naturally in many foods...
consists of 3.22 million base pairs with 3,113 protein-coding genes. Glutamateracemase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase...
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia models the subset of pathologic mechanisms of schizophrenia linked to glutamatergic signaling. The hypothesis...
; Misono, H. (1998). "Properties of GlutamateRacemase from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3336 Producing Poly- -Glutamate". Journal of Biochemistry. 123 (6):...
antibiotic resistance against ciprofloxacin from overexpression of glutamateracemase in vivo. GAPDH localized to the surface of pathogenic mycobacteriea...
In enzymology, an arginine racemase (EC 5.1.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-arginine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-arginine...
is a glutamate receptor and predominantly Ca2+ ion channel found in neurons. The NMDA receptor is one of three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors...
the acid and base in the Catalysis. Other PLP-independent racemases such as glutamateracemase have been shown to share a similar structure and mechanism...
4-decarboxylase. Fermentation routes to L-alanine are complicated by alanine racemase. Racemic alanine can be prepared by the condensation of acetaldehyde with...
family Fold Type II — tryptophan synthase family Fold Type III — alanine racemase family (TIM-barrel) Fold Type IV — D-amino acid aminotransferase family...
biosynthesis.[citation needed] D-Serine, synthesized in neurons by serine racemase from L-serine (its enantiomer), serves as a neuromodulator by coactivating...
(EC 5.2.1.1), or maleate cis-tran isomerase, is a member of the Asp/Glu racemase superfamily discovered in bacteria. It is responsible for catalyzing cis-trans...
major types of gliotransmitters released from astrocytes include glutamate and ATP. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous...
decarboxylase. DAPDC is a PLP-dependent enzyme belonging to the alanine racemase family. This enzyme is generally dimeric with each monomer containing two...
important in the cytosolic stages of peptidoglycan synthesis: alanine racemase (Alr) and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (Ddl). The first enzyme is a pyridoxal...
enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of menaquinone (vitamin K2). Carnitine racemase (gene caiD), which catalyses the reversible conversion of crotonobetaine...
glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. The glutamine created then is sent to continue through protein synthesis. M. maripaludis uses alanine racemase and alanine...
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