When values of birefingence are very high, the property is termed giant birefringence which more generically is called giant optical anisotropy. Values for giant birefringence exceed 0.3. Much bigger numbers (over 2.0) are termed "colossal birefringence". These are achieved using nanostructures.[1]
Some oxides, for example borate or iodate can have high birefringence. Also compounds containing C=O bonds have higher levels. These include oxalates, squarates and cyanurates. One trade-off is with band gap. If the band gap is small, then the material is not transparent to visible light, but can be transparent for infrared. Chalgogenides may have high birefringence, but only in the infrared. Halide perovskites such as CsPbBrxCl3-x have fairly high birefringence that varies significantly in the optical spectrum.[2]
Some transition metal oxyhalides: MoOCl4, WOCl4, have birefringence in the giant category and MoO2Br2, WOBr4, NbOBr2, and NbOI2 are predicted to have birefringence over 0.6 at 1065 nm.[3]
^Mei, Hongyan; Ren, Guodong; Zhao, Boyang; Salman, Jad; Jung, Gwan-Yeong; Chen, Huandong; Thind, Arashdeep S.; Cavin, John; Hachtel, Jordan A.; Chi, Miaofang; Niu, Shanyuan; Joe, Graham; Wan, Chenghao; Settineri, Nick; Teat, Simon J. (2023-05-07). "Colossal Birefringence from Periodic Structural Modulations". CLEO 2023 (2023), Paper STh4H.4. Optica Publishing Group: STh4H.4. doi:10.1364/CLEO_SI.2023.STh4H.4. ISBN 978-1-957171-25-8. S2CID 260261928.
^Ermolaev, Georgy; Pushkarev, Anatoly P.; Zhizhchenko, Alexey; Kuchmizhak, Aleksandr A.; Iorsh, Ivan; Kruglov, Ivan; Mazitov, Arslan; Ishteev, Arthur; Konstantinova, Kamilla; Saranin, Danila; Slavich, Aleksandr; Stosic, Dusan; Zhukova, Elena S.; Tselikov, Gleb; Di Carlo, Aldo; Arsenin, Aleksey; Novoselov, Kostya S.; Makarov, Sergey V.; Volkov, Valentyn S. (12 April 2023). "Giant and Tunable Excitonic Optical Anisotropy in Single-Crystal Halide Perovskites". Nano Letters. 23 (7): 2570–2577. arXiv:2210.03541. Bibcode:2023NanoL..23.2570E. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04792. PMID 36920328. S2CID 252762480.
^Pan, Xueting; Huang, Junben; Huang, Yineng (2024-01-14). "Screening Large Birefringent Materials via Halogen Regulation in Ternary d 0 -Transition Metal Oxyhalides". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07641. ISSN 1932-7447.
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property is termed giantbirefringence which more generically is called giant optical anisotropy. Values for giantbirefringence exceed 0.3. Much bigger...
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These...
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Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about...
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where a voltage across the crystal can shrink or stretch it. Another is birefringence, where a double image appears when looking through a crystal. Moreover...
propagating at slightly different speeds, a property known as circular birefringence. Since a linear polarization can be decomposed into the superposition...
electric field. In optical media, the Pockels effect causes changes in birefringence that vary in proportion to the strength of the applied electric field...
materials can exhibit optical activity, which manifests itself as circular birefringence, causing polarization rotation for linearly polarized waves, and circular...
of these silicon carbide grains originate around carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars. Silicon carbide is commonly found around these stars, as deduced...
from a giant clam. Because it did not grow in a pearl oyster it is not pearly; instead the surface is glossy like porcelain. Other pearls from giant clams...
Scheelite's refractive index (1.918–1.937 uniaxial positive, with a maximum birefringence of 0.016) and dispersion (0.026) are both moderately high. These factors...
moldavites were formed about 14.7 million years ago during the impact of a giant meteorite in the present-day Nördlinger Ries crater. The impact melted material...
deposits at similar elevations. Formation inside an earlier-generation giant star in our area, that long ago exploded in a supernova. An origin in interstellar...
The extreme conditions required for this to occur are present in the ice giants Neptune and Uranus. Both planets are made up of approximately 10 percent...
optical techniques may include ambiguity due to optical anisotropy (birefringence), which complementary neutron measurements can resolve. Dual polarisation...
orientation, typically along the optical axis, the c axis, for minimum birefringence for the application. The boules are sliced up into the desired window...
September 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010. "The Curse of the Bahia Emerald, a Giant Green Rock That Ruins Lives". Wired. wired.com. Archived from the original...
Richard H. (1953). "The genesis of pegmatites: I. Occurrence and origin of giant crystals". American Mineralogist. 38 (7–8): 563–598. Retrieved 7 April 2021...
amygdaloidal cavities of mafic volcanic rocks: for example in the basalt of the Giants Causeway in County Antrim, and near Melbourne in Victoria; and in Lencitite...
object positioned between the crystals. The system employs the natural birefringence of the calcite. From outside the system the object is not visible "for...
be done carefully to make the disc as flat as possible to avoid both birefringence and "disc tilt", which is when the disc is not perfectly flat, preventing...
"The largest crystals" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 66: 885–907. "The giant crystal project site". Archived from the original on 2009-06-04. Retrieved...
variation, reflectivity imbalance between the arms, and thermally induced birefringence, this configuration is nevertheless sensitive to passing gravitational...
of Mg-monohydrate sulfate kieserite under pressure and its occurrence on giant icy jovian satellites". Icarus. 336: 113459. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113459...
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