The Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE),[1] is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The Faraday effect causes a polarization rotation which is proportional to the projection of the magnetic field along the direction of the light propagation. Formally, it is a special case of gyroelectromagnetism obtained when the dielectric permittivity tensor is diagonal.[2] This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) under the influence of magnetic fields.
Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, the Faraday effect was the first experimental evidence that light and electromagnetism are related. The theoretical basis of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light) was completed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s. Maxwell's equations were rewritten in their current form in the 1870s by Oliver Heaviside.
The Faraday effect is caused by left and right circularly polarized waves propagating at slightly different speeds, a property known as circular birefringence. Since a linear polarization can be decomposed into the superposition of two equal-amplitude circularly polarized components of opposite handedness and different phase, the effect of a relative phase shift, induced by the Faraday effect, is to rotate the orientation of a wave's linear polarization.
The Faraday effect has applications in measuring instruments. For instance, the Faraday effect has been used to measure optical rotatory power and for remote sensing of magnetic fields (such as fiber optic current sensors). The Faraday effect is used in spintronics research to study the polarization of electron spins in semiconductors. Faraday rotators can be used for amplitude modulation of light, and are the basis of optical isolators and optical circulators; such components are required in optical telecommunications and other laser applications.[3]
The Faradayeffect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faradayeffect (MOFE), is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The...
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block some electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of...
Michael Faraday FRS (/ˈfærədeɪ, -di/; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and...
A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faradayeffect, a magneto-optic effect involving transmission of light through a material when...
devices depends on the Faradayeffect (which in turn is produced by magneto-optic effect), which is used in the main component, the Faraday rotator. The main...
propagation. In contrast, the Faradayeffect is non-reciprocal, i.e opposite directions of wave propagation through a Faraday medium will result in clockwise...
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of...
has a slightly rotated plane of polarization. It is similar to the Faradayeffect where the plane of polarization of the transmitted light is rotated...
Commons has media related to Zeeman effect. Magneto-optic Kerr effect Voigt effectFaradayeffect Cotton–Mouton effect Polarization spectroscopy Quantum...
Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael Faraday (1791–1867), are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by...
Inverse Faradayeffect – effect opposite to the FaradayeffectPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Faraday rotation (see Faradayeffect) Faraday...
the French physicist Émile Verdet. It describes the strength of the Faradayeffect for a particular material. For a constant magnetic field parallel to...
light beam by an angle of choice. Such devices can be based on the Faradayeffect, on birefringence, or on total internal reflection. Rotators of linearly...
Michael Faraday noticed that the polarization of light traveling through a transparent material responded to a magnetic field (see Faradayeffect). During...
vapors. Unlike many other magneto-optical effects such as the Kerr or Faradayeffect which are linearly proportional to the magnetization (or to the applied...
field sensors. TGG has a high Verdet constant which results in the Faradayeffect. The Verdet constant increases substantially as the mineral approaches...
points of view." He goes on to say that, outside the treatment of the Faradayeffect, Maxwell failed to expound on his earlier work, especially the generation...
counterpropagating beams. Nonreciprocal bias via the Faradayeffect, either in a special thin Faraday rotator, or via a longitudinal magnetic field on the...
of voluntary motion. Scientific tests by the English scientist Michael Faraday, Manchester surgeon James Braid, the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul...
underlying fundamental physical principles such as, Faraday's Law of Induction Magnetic field sensors FaradayEffect Transformer or current clamp meter, (suitable...
can be obtained. YIG has a high Verdet constant which results in the Faradayeffect, high Q factor in microwave frequencies, low absorption of infrared...
electric and magnetic fields—these interactions include the Faradayeffect and the Kerr effect. In refraction, a wave crossing from one medium to another...
The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current...
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